Crime

Crime

Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can ultimately prescribe a conviction.

Causes of crime

In brief, a criminal event happens when a predisposed, motivated and resourceful offender encounters, or engineers, a conducive crime situation. The situation in turn comprises a suitable target in a favourable environment, in the absence of people who might prevent the crime and the presence of those who might promote it. This has been called the Conjunction of Criminal Opportunity

Types of crime

A uniformly accepted categorisation of crime does not exist; rather, each country uses its own classification and often more than one.

In the context of urban planning, not all types of crimes are equally relevant, due to:

• the extent to which they are infuenceable by means of urban design;
• the extent to which they form a risk, both in terms of likelihood of occurrence and impact;

Influenceability of crime by urban design

<to be amended>

Occurrence of crime

Not every type of crime occurs equally frequent. The crime statistics of England and Wales of the year 2010-2011 present the following ratios in recorded crime types:

Impact of crime

<to be amended>

Crimes relevant for the urban planner

The types of crime that are deemed relevant enough for the urban planning process to be explicitly elaborated in this Securipedia, are called Security Issues. These issues are:

• Burglary
• Ram-raiding
• Pickpocketing
• Robbery
• Vehicle theft
• Physical assault
• Sexual assault
• Vandalism
• Destruction by riots
• Destruction of property by fanatics (terrorists)
• Graffiti
• Mass killing (by fanatics)
• Raid (commercial theft with use of violence)

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