Difference between revisions of "Security issue: Raid"
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===Economic impact=== |
===Economic impact=== |
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| + | Raids lead to considerable costs in both a direct ([[Economic effects of crime#Primary economic impact of crime|primary]]) and a indirect ([[Economic effects of crime#Secondary economic impact of crime|secondary]]) way<ref>Primary economic impact (or direct effects) are generally defined as the initial, immediate economic output generated by a specific cause (in this case a criminal offence). Secondary economic impact (or indirect effects) are generated each time a subsequent transaction is made, for example, the impact of crime on the real estate value in the neighborhood.</ref>. Direct costs of raids come in the form of: |
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| − | Considerable costs are incurred in relation to property crimes such as raids (the [[Economic effects of crime|economic effects of crime]]). These costs are incurred in anticipation of (e.g. expenditure on security and insurance costs), as a consequence of (including physical impact and health services), and as a responds to (e.g., costs of the Criminal Justice System) to the crime. |
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| + | * Preventive costs in anticipation of raids (e.g. security measures, insurance); |
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| + | * Material and immaterial costs as a consequence of raids (e.g. physical damage, repairments, medical costs, mental harm); and |
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| + | * Responsive costs to raids (e.g. the costs of detection and prevention, persecution, support trial, etc.). |
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In addition, the [[Economic effects of crime#Secondary economic impact of crime|secondary economic impact]] of criminal offences has to be considered. Violent crime not only leads to financial or physical damage and prevention costs, but also indirectly influences the local/regional and national economy of a country. According to Detotto and Otranto <ref>Detotto,C. and E. Otranto (2010). ''Does crime affect Economic growth?'' KYKLOS, Vol.63–August 2010-No.3, 330-345.</ref>,“crime acts like a tax on the entire economy: it discourages domestic and foreign direct investments<ref>Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment by a business or enterprise in a foreign economy.</ref>. On a more local and regional level, economists define economic impact on business, property value, tourism and quality of life (social capital). |
In addition, the [[Economic effects of crime#Secondary economic impact of crime|secondary economic impact]] of criminal offences has to be considered. Violent crime not only leads to financial or physical damage and prevention costs, but also indirectly influences the local/regional and national economy of a country. According to Detotto and Otranto <ref>Detotto,C. and E. Otranto (2010). ''Does crime affect Economic growth?'' KYKLOS, Vol.63–August 2010-No.3, 330-345.</ref>,“crime acts like a tax on the entire economy: it discourages domestic and foreign direct investments<ref>Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment by a business or enterprise in a foreign economy.</ref>. On a more local and regional level, economists define economic impact on business, property value, tourism and quality of life (social capital). |
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Revision as of 14:22, 4 December 2012
Contents
Security issue: Raid
Raid is the crime of taking or attempting to take something of value from a commercial venue by force or threat of force or by putting the victim in fear. For the crime of forceful theft from individuals, see robbery, for the crime of burglary by forcing entrance by use of ramming with vehicles, see Ram raid.
Description
- Commercial venues: shops
- By force or threat of force (examples)
- Statistics, types of shops
- Motive: financial gain
Attributing circumstances
- Secluded location
- Limited personnel
- valuables
- deserted times
Socioeconomic circumstances
Although there is no real scientific consensus with respect to the causal relationship between the socio-economic background and property crime like robberies or raids, Australian research, for example, illustrates that long term unemployment amongst young male adolescents has a substantial effect on property crime rates[1].
Enthorf and Spengler(2002)[2] find that planning-intense offences like breaking and entering, robbery (raids) and violence respond relatively slow to changes in the socio-economic conditions compared to other types of crime like drug and alcohol abuse and violent crime. According to the authors, this may reflect that in a first response to unfortunate social and economic developments some of the affected might become attracted to alcohol and drug abuse, which in a later phase has to be financed with criminal activities by committing property crimes like breaking and entering.
Impacts
- psychological
Economic impact
Raids lead to considerable costs in both a direct (primary) and a indirect (secondary) way[3]. Direct costs of raids come in the form of:
- Preventive costs in anticipation of raids (e.g. security measures, insurance);
- Material and immaterial costs as a consequence of raids (e.g. physical damage, repairments, medical costs, mental harm); and
- Responsive costs to raids (e.g. the costs of detection and prevention, persecution, support trial, etc.).
In addition, the secondary economic impact of criminal offences has to be considered. Violent crime not only leads to financial or physical damage and prevention costs, but also indirectly influences the local/regional and national economy of a country. According to Detotto and Otranto [4],“crime acts like a tax on the entire economy: it discourages domestic and foreign direct investments[5]. On a more local and regional level, economists define economic impact on business, property value, tourism and quality of life (social capital).
Measures
- surveillance
- reaction force
- target hardening
- Access control
- Reducing attractiveness (no money in register)
- increasing chance of apprehension
Footnotes and references
- ↑ See, e.g.: Chapman, B., D Weatherburn, C.A. Kapuscinski, M. Chilvers and S. Roussel (2002). Unemployment duration, schooling and property crime. CEPR Working paper
- ↑ Entorf, H., H. Spengler (2002). Crime in Europe; Causes and Con-sequences. Springer-Verlag Berlin
- ↑ Primary economic impact (or direct effects) are generally defined as the initial, immediate economic output generated by a specific cause (in this case a criminal offence). Secondary economic impact (or indirect effects) are generated each time a subsequent transaction is made, for example, the impact of crime on the real estate value in the neighborhood.
- ↑ Detotto,C. and E. Otranto (2010). Does crime affect Economic growth? KYKLOS, Vol.63–August 2010-No.3, 330-345.
- ↑ Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment by a business or enterprise in a foreign economy.
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