Difference between revisions of "Safety threats"
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| − | A threat is a source of potential harm. It can both originate in wilful act (such as the threat of violence), as in non-intentional circumstances (such as the threat of volcanic eruptions). |
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| + | [[File:ae.png|25px|right|This is a page providing background in a specific field of expertise]]A threat is a source of potential harm <ref>"''An indication of possible violence, harm, or danger.''": DHS (2004): National Response Plan. Department of Homeland Security: Washington. Online: http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/documents/nrp.pdf [2011-03-23].</ref>. It includes [[security]] threats which originate in wilful act ([[human intent]], such as the threat of violence or [[Urban terrorism|terrorism]]), and [[Safety|safety threats]], which originate in non-intentional circumstances (such as the threat of [[Natural threat|natural hazards]], e.g. floodings, volcanic eruptions etc., or man-made hazards, e.g. industrial accidents or [[technical failure|technical failure]], [[human failure]]). |
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==Types of threat for functional objects== |
==Types of threat for functional objects== |
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When we look at the concept of threat from the perspective of its functional use (which we can also do for urban objects), a threat can be defined as any circumstance that threatens the continuity or quality of those [[function|functions]] (which include, amongst others, protection of life and economic use). |
When we look at the concept of threat from the perspective of its functional use (which we can also do for urban objects), a threat can be defined as any circumstance that threatens the continuity or quality of those [[function|functions]] (which include, amongst others, protection of life and economic use). |
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| − | Threats can in this perspective be classified by their origin. This classification is layered: the first layer discriminates between |
+ | Threats can in this perspective be classified by their origin. This classification is layered: the first layer discriminates between internal threats that have impact on the internal processes (such as a car hitting a building and causing diminished structural safety for the inhabitants) and external threats that only have impact on external requirements for those processes (such as a discontinuation of electricity supply to a building). Both types of threats will result in diminished continuity or quality of functions provided by the building (reduced safety in the first example, reduced comfort in the second example). |
| − | Within internal threats we can distinguish threats that originate from [[natural threat|natural]] processes, threats that originate from |
+ | Within internal threats we can distinguish threats that originate from [[natural threat|natural]] processes, threats that originate from failures, and threats that originate in [[human intent|wilful acts]]. Within threats that originate from failure, we can again distinguish between failures of designs ([[technical failure]]) and failures of human action ([[human failure]]). This structure is graphically depicted in the (clickable) figure below. |
| − | [[File:taxonomy threats.png|center|400px|taxonomy of threats]] |
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<imagemap> |
<imagemap> |
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| + | Image:Taxonomy_threats.png|500px|center |
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| − | Image:JoshuaReynoldsParty.jpg|thumb|left|400px|alt=Dining room with nine men seated around a table. The dinner has been finished, and a large man at the head talks and gesticulates while the others eagerly listen. The men wear wigs and clothing of late 18th century Britain, and the furniture, hangings, and chandelier are of similar vintage. A liveried servant is entering with a tray bearing two high-shouldered decanters of wine.|Image map example. Clicking on a person in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article. |
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| + | rect 64 201 228 358 [[Technical failure|technical failure]] |
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| − | poly 133 343 124 287 159 224 189 228 195 291 222 311 209 343 209 354 243 362 292 466 250 463 [[w:Samuel Johnson|Dr Johnson - Dictionary writer]] |
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| + | rect 256 200 424 355 [[Human failure|Human failure]] |
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| − | poly 76 224 84 255 43 302 62 400 123 423 121 361 137 344 122 290 111 234 96 225 [[w:James Boswell|Boswell - Biographer]] |
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| + | rect 60 387 230 545 [[Natural threat|Natural threat]] |
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| − | poly 190 276 208 240 229 228 247 238 250 258 286 319 282 323 223 323 220 301 200 295 [[w:Joshua Reynolds|Sir Joshua Reynolds - Host]] |
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| + | rect 255 389 425 545 [[Human intent|human intent]] |
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| − | poly 308 317 311 270 328 261 316 246 320 228 343 227 357 240 377 274 366 284 352 311 319 324 [[w:David Garrick|David Garrick - actor]] |
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| + | rect 527 242 696 404 [[Failure of critical services|failure of critical services]] |
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| − | poly 252 406 313 343 341 343 366 280 383 273 372 251 378 222 409 228 414 280 420 292 390 300 374 360 359 437 306 418 313 391 272 415 [[w:Edmund Burke|Edmund Burke - statesman]] |
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| − | rect 418 220 452 287 [[w:Pasquale Paoli|Pasqual Paoli - Corsican patriot]] |
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| − | poly 455 238 484 253 505 303 495 363 501 377 491 443 429 439 423 375 466 352 [[w:Charles Burney|Charles Burney - music historian]] |
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| − | poly 501 279 546 237 567 239 572 308 560 326 537 316 530 300 502 289 [[w:Thomas Warton|Thomas Warton - poet laureate]] |
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| − | poly 572 453 591 446 572 373 603 351 562 325 592 288 573 260 573 248 591 243 615 254 637 280 655 334 705 396 656 419 625 382 609 391 613 453 [[w:Oliver Goldsmith|Oliver Goldsmith - writer]] |
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| − | rect 450 86 584 188 [[w:Joshua Reynolds|prob.The Infant Academy 1782]] |
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| − | rect 286 87 376 191 [[w:Joshua Reynolds|unknown painting]] |
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| − | circle 100 141 20 [[w:Joshua Reynolds|An unknown portrait]] |
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| − | poly 503 192 511 176 532 176 534 200 553 219 554 234 541 236 525 261 506 261 511 220 515 215 [[w:Francis Barber|servant - poss. Francis Barber]] |
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| − | rect 12 10 702 500 [[w:The Club (Literary Club)|Use button to enlarge or use hyperlinks]] |
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| − | == References == |
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| − | = MAP = |
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| − | website=http://securipedia.eu/cool/index.php?wiki=securipedia.eu&concept=Threat |
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| − | </websiteFrame> |
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| − | <headertabs/> |
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Latest revision as of 12:55, 28 October 2020
A threat is a source of potential harm [1]. It includes security threats which originate in wilful act (human intent, such as the threat of violence or terrorism), and safety threats, which originate in non-intentional circumstances (such as the threat of natural hazards, e.g. floodings, volcanic eruptions etc., or man-made hazards, e.g. industrial accidents or technical failure, human failure).
Types of threat for functional objects
When we look at the concept of threat from the perspective of its functional use (which we can also do for urban objects), a threat can be defined as any circumstance that threatens the continuity or quality of those functions (which include, amongst others, protection of life and economic use).
Threats can in this perspective be classified by their origin. This classification is layered: the first layer discriminates between internal threats that have impact on the internal processes (such as a car hitting a building and causing diminished structural safety for the inhabitants) and external threats that only have impact on external requirements for those processes (such as a discontinuation of electricity supply to a building). Both types of threats will result in diminished continuity or quality of functions provided by the building (reduced safety in the first example, reduced comfort in the second example).
Within internal threats we can distinguish threats that originate from natural processes, threats that originate from failures, and threats that originate in wilful acts. Within threats that originate from failure, we can again distinguish between failures of designs (technical failure) and failures of human action (human failure). This structure is graphically depicted in the (clickable) figure below.
Footnotes and references
- ↑ "An indication of possible violence, harm, or danger.": DHS (2004): National Response Plan. Department of Homeland Security: Washington. Online: http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/documents/nrp.pdf [2011-03-23].
