Difference between revisions of "Appreciative planning"

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[[Category:Ethical]] [[Category:Social]]
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[[Category:Ethics]] [[Category:Social]]
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'''Appreciative planning''' is a community focused method for [[citizen participation]] in urban planning (public participation or consultation). It is used to collect information from specific key [[stakeholders]], to work out a common vision of the future city, including planning policies, strategic objectives and development management. Participants are encouraged to judge and rate previous planning achievements and to give focus to further planning actions that they deem necessary.<ref>Cf. Community Empowerment Collective. Retrieved from: http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/emp-papa.htm;</ref>
   
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==Characteristics of the approach==
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=Appreciative planning=
  
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''Appreciative planning'' has the following characteristics;<ref>Ameyaw S.: Appreciative Planning: An Approach to Planning with Diverse Ethnic and Cultural Groups, in: Burayidi M. A. (ed.): Urban Planning in a Multicultural Society, Westport: Praeger, 2000, 101-114, 101.</ref>
   
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*Inclusive, participatory planning process in/for multicultural metropolitan environment(s);
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==Introduction==
  
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*Approach to urban planning based on mutual respect, trust and care-based action in a multicultural context;
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'''Appreciative planning''' is, as defined by Ameyaw (2000), an "''approach to urban planning in a multicultural context. Appreciative planning is a model based on mutual respect, trust, and care-based action. It is a two-way learning and problem-solving approach to planning. Appreciative planning is a multi-faceted process that unites rational and nonrational processes of social interaction and social learning to enable citizens and professionals to share the work of problem solving and decision-making for the benefit of their communities. By so doing, it enables planners to celebrate the valuable assets multicultural groups bring to city life and planning deliberations.''"<ref>S. Ameyaw: Appreciative Planning: An Approach to Planning with Diverse Ethnic and Cultural Groups. In: M. A. Burayidi(ed.): Urban Planning in a Multicultural Society, Westport: Praeger, 2000, pp. 101-114, p. 101.</ref>
  
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*Two-way learning (officials/planning professionals - citizens) and problem solving approach;
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*Transfer of multicultural assets into planning and city life;
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*Sharing of experience and work between officials/professionals and citizens to benefit the communities;
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*Uniting of rational and less rational processes of social interaction and social learning;
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*Focus on problem solving and decision-making;
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*Emphasis on lasting engagement and dialogue between officials/professionals and citizens.
   
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==Support for planning of secure public spaces==
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The appreciative planning concept originated in the Himalayan region<ref>Chapagai C.P. (2000): Chandi P. Appreciative Training and Action. A Planners Guidebook. CARE Nepal. Retrieved from http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/uploads/care_nepal_trainer_guidebook.pdf [2012-05-10].; Community Empowerment Collective: http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/emp-papa.htm;</ref> and has expanded on the structural concept of consideration of cultural aspects in [[urban planning]], carrying it towards social science-based concepts that are more empirically rooted and knowledge-related. Their focus is on an inclusive, participatory planning process in/for multicultural metropolitan environment(s). It has an emphasis on lasting engagement and dialogue.
  
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''Appreciative planning'' supports engagement with the assets of a strong multicultural area. It provides the blueprint for an inclusive approach to address [[culture aspects]] and [[ethics aspects]] in [[security]]-related [[urban planning]]. In particular, it does so by helping:
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* To collect security information from specific key [[stakeholders]];
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* To collect information on citizens' [[perception of (in)security and risks]];
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* To work out shared and consensual perspectives on security aspects in the urban planning process;
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* To encourage and assist judging and rating previous planning achievements and in focusing further actions necessary to be taken to increase urban [[resilience]].
   
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In practice, ''appreciative planning'' can provide central considerations in physical approaches to community safety, such as [[environmental design]].<ref>E.g. HM Government: Crowded Places: The Planning System and Counter-Terrorism. Home Office and Department for Communities and Local Government. Crown copyright, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/counter-terrorism/crowded-places/design-tech-issues?view=Binary.</ref>
   
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==Process description==
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==Practical approach==
  
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''Appreciative planning'' comprises the following typical processes:
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The appreciative concept can also be understood as a practical approach to confront "''the real conflicts, issues, dissent, and trade-offs in city planning.''"<ref>Ameway 2000: p. 101. </ref> The purpose is to "''create contexts in which planners and multicultural groups can continuously learn and experiment, think systematically, engage in meaningful dialogue, and create visions that energize action and inclusion in city planning''."<ref>Ibid.</ref> Appreciative planning thus fosters a "''multicultural sensibility for planning''", which includes considering how cultures, "''which prescribe members’ relations with the community, orient their actions, and, among other things, suggest how they might use formal planning processes''."<ref>H. S. Baum: Culture Matters–But It Shouldn’t Matter Too Much. In: M. A. Burayidi (ed.): Urban Planning in a Multicultural Society, Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000, pp. 115-136, p. 115.</ref>.
 
   
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===Discovery phase===
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The APA method<ref> see also: worldbank.org: http://blogs.worldbank.org/category/tags/appreciative-planning-action; Wageningen UR Centre for Development Innovation: http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/?Appreciative_Participatory_Planning_and_Action; pact: http://www.pactworld.org/cs/worth/appreciative_planning_and_action </ref> is a community focused [[citizen participation]] method, used to collect information from specific key [[stakeholders]], to work out vision perspectives, missions and strategic objectives. Participants are encouraged and assisted in judging and rating previous planning achievements and in focussing further actions necessary to be taken.
  
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Participants identify (security) characteristics of their community and recognise resources, strengths, and positive skills that can contribute to increase security.
   
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Components are:<ref>Wageningen UR Centre for Development Innovation. Retrieved from: http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/?Appreciative_Participatory_Planning_and_Action;</ref>
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*Discovering and valuing strengths/resources;
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*Learning about the broader environmental, political and institutional context;
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*Initial identification of success factors;
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*Developing skills/resources and empowering communities through participatory learning.
   
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===Social/community resource mapping===
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In England, for example, such inclusive concepts have become central considerations in planning development and counter-terrorism protection, such as [["designing out" approach|"designing in community safety "]] (cf. HM Government 2012).<ref>E.g. HM Government: Crowded Places: The Planning System and Counter-Terrorism. Home Office and Department for Communities and Local Government. Crown copyright, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/counter-terrorism/crowded-places/design-tech-issues?view=Binary.</ref>)
  
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To gain a better comprehension of the environment, everything that is considered to be of security relevance in and around the community is mapped. This "discovery and resource map" on the current situation can be used as basis for mapping the desired future situation.
   
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===Mobility mapping===
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Movements of people, food, money and resources to and from the community are quantified and mapped. This can reveal potential to identify risk zones, vulnerability and security aspects, and to increase local security.
   
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===Venn diagram===
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{{references}}
  
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Community organisations and institutions, their roles and linkages as well as their interactions with participants are identified.
   
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===Seasonal calendar===
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= MAP =
  
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A Seasonal calendar is used to identify the seasonal habits of the community. This can show event-related vulnerabilities and stress.
   
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==Links and further reading==
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<websiteFrame>
  
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*Background Information on Participatory Planning and Monitoring Evaluation and APPA (Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action). Retrieved from: http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/?Appreciative_Participatory_Planning_and_Action [last access: 2012-10-22];
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*Worldwide portal devoted to the sharing of academic resources and practical tools. Retrieved from: http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/ [last access: 2012-10-22];
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*Appreciative planning and action - Trainer's guidebook. Retrieved from: http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/research/multilingualDetail.cfm?coid=170&language=23 [last access:2012-10-22].
   
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Latest revision as of 19:51, 1 July 2013

Appreciative planning is a community focused method for citizen participation in urban planning (public participation or consultation). It is used to collect information from specific key stakeholders, to work out a common vision of the future city, including planning policies, strategic objectives and development management. Participants are encouraged to judge and rate previous planning achievements and to give focus to further planning actions that they deem necessary.[1]

Characteristics of the approach

Appreciative planning has the following characteristics;[2]

  • Inclusive, participatory planning process in/for multicultural metropolitan environment(s);
  • Approach to urban planning based on mutual respect, trust and care-based action in a multicultural context;
  • Two-way learning (officials/planning professionals - citizens) and problem solving approach;
  • Transfer of multicultural assets into planning and city life;
  • Sharing of experience and work between officials/professionals and citizens to benefit the communities;
  • Uniting of rational and less rational processes of social interaction and social learning;
  • Focus on problem solving and decision-making;
  • Emphasis on lasting engagement and dialogue between officials/professionals and citizens.

Support for planning of secure public spaces

Appreciative planning supports engagement with the assets of a strong multicultural area. It provides the blueprint for an inclusive approach to address culture aspects and ethics aspects in security-related urban planning. In particular, it does so by helping:

  • To collect security information from specific key stakeholders;
  • To collect information on citizens' perception of (in)security and risks;
  • To work out shared and consensual perspectives on security aspects in the urban planning process;
  • To encourage and assist judging and rating previous planning achievements and in focusing further actions necessary to be taken to increase urban resilience.

In practice, appreciative planning can provide central considerations in physical approaches to community safety, such as environmental design.[3]

Process description

Appreciative planning comprises the following typical processes:

Discovery phase

Participants identify (security) characteristics of their community and recognise resources, strengths, and positive skills that can contribute to increase security.

Components are:[4]

  • Discovering and valuing strengths/resources;
  • Learning about the broader environmental, political and institutional context;
  • Initial identification of success factors;
  • Developing skills/resources and empowering communities through participatory learning.

Social/community resource mapping

To gain a better comprehension of the environment, everything that is considered to be of security relevance in and around the community is mapped. This "discovery and resource map" on the current situation can be used as basis for mapping the desired future situation.

Mobility mapping

Movements of people, food, money and resources to and from the community are quantified and mapped. This can reveal potential to identify risk zones, vulnerability and security aspects, and to increase local security.

Venn diagram

Community organisations and institutions, their roles and linkages as well as their interactions with participants are identified.

Seasonal calendar

A Seasonal calendar is used to identify the seasonal habits of the community. This can show event-related vulnerabilities and stress.

Links and further reading

Footnotes and references

  1. ↑ Cf. Community Empowerment Collective. Retrieved from: http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/emp-papa.htm;
  2. ↑ Ameyaw S.: Appreciative Planning: An Approach to Planning with Diverse Ethnic and Cultural Groups, in: Burayidi M. A. (ed.): Urban Planning in a Multicultural Society, Westport: Praeger, 2000, 101-114, 101.
  3. ↑ E.g. HM Government: Crowded Places: The Planning System and Counter-Terrorism. Home Office and Department for Communities and Local Government. Crown copyright, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/counter-terrorism/crowded-places/design-tech-issues?view=Binary.
  4. ↑ Wageningen UR Centre for Development Innovation. Retrieved from: http://portals.wi.wur.nl/ppme/?Appreciative_Participatory_Planning_and_Action;
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