Stakeholders
Stakeholders are actors with a specific interest (which may be expressed or not) in the development of an objective, policy or measure. So stakeholders include a wide array of public and private organisations (municipalities and authorities, universities and institutes, associations, enterprises, chambers etc.), individuals (politicians, experts etc), and the media and, of course, the public (citizens and visitors to the city or urban area). Stakeholders can be organisations or individuals. There can be simple reasoning applied to identify stakeholders (see below), and there are practical steps to progress and encourage stakeholder involvement, which can include processes such as activating opinion surveys.
| Possible stakeholders in an Urban Environment[1] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government | Business | Communities | Others |
| European Union | National Business Associations | National Environmental NGOs | Universities |
| Department of Environment/Planning | Major employers | Trade unions | Experts |
| Other National Departments | Private Financiers | Media | Research Specialists |
| Regional Authorities | International/National Business | Local Authority Forums | End-user or Ultimate Building Occupier |
| Local Authorities/Municipalities (Departments include: planning, housing, transport, environment, water & sanitary, and community & recreation etc) |
Regional/Local Business | Local Community Organisations | |
| Proximate Urban Area Authorities | Retailers | Local Interest Groups | |
| Transport Authorities | Utilities Companies | Citizens | |
| Law Enforcement | Contractors | Visitors | |
| Politicians (Councillors) | Urban Planning Consultants | Citizens in Proximate Urban Areas | |
| Other Decision Makers | Developers | Disabled People | |
| Partnership Bodies | Landowners | ||
| Project Managers | Parents/Children | ||
| Professional Staff | Elderly Persons | ||
| Emergency Services | |||
| Health and Safety Executives | |||
How to identify stakeholders
Stakeholders may be identified by checking (groups) of people against the following interest categories:
- Proximity - People who live, work or spend time in or near to an area which may be affected;
- Economic - People whose business, livelihood, property value or cost of living may be affected;
- Use - People who use or may use facilities which will be affected;
- Social/Environmental - People who may be affected by secondary impacts;
- Values - People who have a moral, religious or political interest in the project or its effects;
- Legal mandates - People who are legally required to be involved in the process.
Footnotes and references
- ↑ GUIDEMAPS, 2004a. Successful transport decision-making. A project management and stakeholder engagement handbook. Volume I: Concepts and Tools. Available at: http://www.civitas-initiative.org/docs1/GUIDEMAPSHandbook_web.pdf
