Difference between revisions of "Economic dimension of urban planning"
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| − | The '''economic dimension''' of urban planning is one of the core dimensions of urban planning and deals with the economic functioning of urban objects and the related impact of urban development and security threats (including security measures). |
+ | The '''economic dimension''' of urban planning is one of the core dimensions of urban planning and deals with the economic functioning of urban objects and the related impact of urban development and security threats (including security measures). |
== Description == |
== Description == |
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| − | Urban objects such as residential buildings, industry, utility facilities, roads, etc. do not merely have a directly related function such as housing, commercial, mobility, safety, but also |
+ | Urban objects such as residential buildings, industry, utility facilities, roads, etc., do not merely have a directly related function such as housing, commercial, mobility, safety, but also an 'economic function' in terms of the impact on the urban environment. A residential area, for example, will not just house people, but will also generate an economic impact in terms of real estate value, jobs for local retailers, and expenses for local governments in terms of necessary infrastructure, schools, public services, etc. This relationship between urban objects and economic output (in terms of jobs and income) made an increasing amount of urban planners believe in the potential contribution of the planning system to maximise the net welfare of society with the help of appropriate policy measures that influence the delivery of a more attractive, competitive and successful urban area<ref name="D1.1">Source: DHP. End user requirement report (D1.1) VITRUV. Moreover, the increasing population in cities places more and more pressure on the development of land and has lead to the consolidation of the urban core. And, although this has led to a strengthening of the economic and social functions of the cities and surrounding areas, urban planners are at the same time forced to recognize the increasing threats caused by security threats that can have a devastating impact on the economic and social functioning of the urban area.</ref>. |
| + | As a result of the economic function of urban objects, security threats such as crime & terrorism (but also natural hazards), not only have an impact on the direct function of an urban object<ref>A severely vandalised house, for example, is not suitable any more for residential use.</ref>, but also on the (more indirect) economic function of the specific urban object and its environment. In Securipedia we refer to this phenomenon as the [[Economic impact of security threats|economic impact of security threats]]. Subsequently, possible measures such as surveillance, CCTV, preventive, locks, etc., not only cost money, but will also generate less tangible economic effects due to the impact on the urban area. Fortified retail stores with cameras and shutters, for example, are not likely to contribute to a more attractive and successful urban area. |
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| − | == The importance of the economic dimension of urban planning == |
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| − | The importance of the economic dimension of urban planning is increasing mainly because of two reasons: |
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| − | # An increasing amount of urban planners believe in the potential contribution of the planning system to maximize the net welfare of society with the help of appropriate policy measures that influence the delivery of a more attractive, competitive and successful urban area<ref name="D1.1">Source: DHP. End user requirement report (D1.1) VITRUV.</ref>. |
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| − | # The increasing population in cities places more and more pressure on the development of land and has lead to the consolidation of the urban core. And, although this has led to a strengthening of the economic and social functions of the cities and surrounding areas, urban planners are at the same time forced to recognize the increasing threats caused by both natural and human causes that can have a devastating impact on the economic and social functioning of the urban area<ref name="D1.1"></ref>. |
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| + | == Entry points == |
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| − | ==The economic dimension of security aspects in urban planning== |
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| − | The economic aspect of security in an urban planning context is relevant for urban planners in three major ways: |
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| + | * [[Economic impact]] |
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| − | # First of all, [[Economic impact of security threats|security threats]] (crime & terrorism) lead to (negative) direct and indirect economic effects on a local, regional and national level. |
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| − | # On top of that, security measures lead to investment costs and to secondary economic effects (e.g, the longer waiting lines at airports due to the upgraded security measures since 9/11). These effects are called: [[Economic effects of security measures|"economic effects of security measures]]". |
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| + | **[[Economic impact of security threats]] |
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| − | # Finally, security measures influence the behaviour of criminals and terrorists due to the process of crime displacement and crime diffusion ([[The economics of criminal and terrorist behaviour|the economics of criminal and terrorist behaviour)]]. |
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| + | **[[Economic impact of security measures]] |
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| + | **[[The economics of criminal and terrorist behaviour|Economics of criminal and terrorist behaviour]] |
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| + | *[[Economic output]] |
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| + | *[[Economic tools]] |
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| + | Note: To estimate the above mentioned economic impact of existing or newly developed urban objects/environments, threats and measures, [http://www.decisio.nl/english-profile/?lang=en economists] use several ''economic tools'' that measure the ''economic output'' such as business output, wealth, total employment, etc. (the measurable part of economic effects). |
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| − | ==Structure of the economic dimension of urban planning== |
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| − | The relationships between the economic concepts within the economic domain are illustrated below ('''clickable map'''). The map illustrates, for example, how economic output is directly caused by economic impact and how economic impact, in turn, is caused by the functioning of an urban object/environment, and the security threats that limits (or intends to limit) this. Starting points of the clickable map are the items: 'urban planning' and 'security threats'. |
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| − | <imagemap> |
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| − | Image:Flowchart economic dimension.png | 800 px |
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| − | rect 0 174 216 277 [[Urban planning|Urban planning]] |
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| − | rect 244 354 465 453 [[Economic dimension of urban planning|Economic dimension of urban planning]] |
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| − | rect 601 73 821 170 [[Economic tools|Economic tools]] |
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| − | rect 1013 140 1229 240 [[Economic output|Economic output]] |
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| − | rect 1009 354 1228 450 [[Economic impact|Economic impact]] |
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| − | rect 7 3 208 96 [[Urban planning#Dimensions involved in Urban Planning |Other dimensions of urban planning]] |
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| − | |||
| − | desc bottom-left |
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| − | </imagemap> |
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==Related subjects== |
==Related subjects== |
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| − | * |
+ | *[[Urban planning]] |
| − | *[[ |
+ | *[[Urban planning#Dimensions involved in Urban Planning|Dimensions of urban planning]] |
| + | ** [[security]] |
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| − | * [[Urban planning#Dimensions involved in Urban Planning|Dimensions involved in urban planning]] |
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| + | ** [[safety]] |
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| + | ** [[mobility]] |
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| + | ** societal and [[Security_culture|cultural]] |
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| + | * [[Urban object|Urban objects]] |
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{{references}} |
{{references}} |
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| − | = MAP = |
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| − | <websiteFrame> |
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| − | website=http://securipedia.eu/cool/index.php?wiki=securipedia.eu&concept=Economic_dimension_of_urban_planning&depth=2 |
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| − | height=1023 |
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| − | width=100% |
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| − | border=0 |
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| − | scroll=auto |
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| − | align=middle |
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| − | </websiteFrame> |
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| − | <headertabs/> |
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Latest revision as of 18:36, 10 January 2018
The economic dimension of urban planning is one of the core dimensions of urban planning and deals with the economic functioning of urban objects and the related impact of urban development and security threats (including security measures).
Description
Urban objects such as residential buildings, industry, utility facilities, roads, etc., do not merely have a directly related function such as housing, commercial, mobility, safety, but also an 'economic function' in terms of the impact on the urban environment. A residential area, for example, will not just house people, but will also generate an economic impact in terms of real estate value, jobs for local retailers, and expenses for local governments in terms of necessary infrastructure, schools, public services, etc. This relationship between urban objects and economic output (in terms of jobs and income) made an increasing amount of urban planners believe in the potential contribution of the planning system to maximise the net welfare of society with the help of appropriate policy measures that influence the delivery of a more attractive, competitive and successful urban area[1].
As a result of the economic function of urban objects, security threats such as crime & terrorism (but also natural hazards), not only have an impact on the direct function of an urban object[2], but also on the (more indirect) economic function of the specific urban object and its environment. In Securipedia we refer to this phenomenon as the economic impact of security threats. Subsequently, possible measures such as surveillance, CCTV, preventive, locks, etc., not only cost money, but will also generate less tangible economic effects due to the impact on the urban area. Fortified retail stores with cameras and shutters, for example, are not likely to contribute to a more attractive and successful urban area.
Entry points
Note: To estimate the above mentioned economic impact of existing or newly developed urban objects/environments, threats and measures, economists use several economic tools that measure the economic output such as business output, wealth, total employment, etc. (the measurable part of economic effects).
Related subjects
Footnotes and references
- ↑ Source: DHP. End user requirement report (D1.1) VITRUV. Moreover, the increasing population in cities places more and more pressure on the development of land and has lead to the consolidation of the urban core. And, although this has led to a strengthening of the economic and social functions of the cities and surrounding areas, urban planners are at the same time forced to recognize the increasing threats caused by security threats that can have a devastating impact on the economic and social functioning of the urban area.
- ↑ A severely vandalised house, for example, is not suitable any more for residential use.
