Difference between revisions of "Crime prevention by design"
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| − | '''Crime prevention by design''' is the idea that the level of crime is influenced by the built environment and, by careful design of this built environment, the level of crime can be reduced. |
+ | '''Crime prevention by design''' is the idea that the level of crime is influenced by the built environment and, by careful design of this built environment, the level of crime can be reduced. This reduction can be accomplished by either addressing physical or social and individual sources of threat, or both. |
==Description== |
==Description== |
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The idea that crime could be influenced by the design of the built environment was based on the more limited idea of [[wikipedia:Defensible space theory|defensible space]] and further developed in work of [[wikipedia:Elizabeth Wood (executive)|Elizabeth Wood]], [[wikipedia:Jane Jacobs|Jane Jacobs]] and Schlomo Angel. |
The idea that crime could be influenced by the design of the built environment was based on the more limited idea of [[wikipedia:Defensible space theory|defensible space]] and further developed in work of [[wikipedia:Elizabeth Wood (executive)|Elizabeth Wood]], [[wikipedia:Jane Jacobs|Jane Jacobs]] and Schlomo Angel. |
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| − | Two principles of crime prevention by design are [[designing in] and [[designing out]]. |
+ | Two principles of crime prevention by design are [[designing in]] and [[designing out]]. |
==Crime prevention by design methods== |
==Crime prevention by design methods== |
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| + | ===CPTED=== |
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| − | + | [[wikipedia:Crime prevention through environmental design|CPTED (Crime prevention through environmental design)]] is a multi-disciplinary approach to deterring criminal behaviour through environmental design. It has a long history, dating back to the 1970s. |
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| − | * [[wikipedia:Secured by design|Secured by design]] (we can refer to wikipedia here and try to edit that page, or make a page of our own. Indicate what you prefer) |
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| + | It employs three design strategies to reduce crime: |
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| + | * Natural surveillance, called [[Measure: surveillance#By the public|surveillance by the public]] in Securipedia |
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| − | (describe here what positive and negative experiences have been achieved with crime prevention by design) |
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| + | * Natural access control, which is covered in the measures [[Measure: Directing traffic flows| Directing traffic flows]] and [[Measure: Access control| Access control]] |
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| + | * Natural territorial reinforcement, which relates mainly to the securipedia measure of [[Measure: Ownership| Ownership]] |
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| + | In addition, it employs two strategies not related to design: |
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| + | * Maintenance |
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| + | * Activity support |
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| + | === Environmental design === |
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| + | [[Environmental design]] refers to the process of addressing environmental parameters in planning programs, policies or concepts. It is part of the "10 principles of crime prevention" following a U.K. initiative. |
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| + | ===Secured by Design=== |
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| + | [[Secured by design]] is a UK initiative to persuade the building, construction and design industry to adopt secure design methodology and to use products with a proven track record in defeating known criminal methods of entry. |
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| + | === Sustainable design === |
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| + | [[Sustainable design]] is “a design philosophy that values the natural environment as an integral factor in creating”[1] new physical objects, urban environment, and services “to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological sustainability”[2]. |
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| + | === New urbanism === |
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| + | [[New urbanism]] is a school of thought that argues for conceptual integration of society and approaches from social sciences and humanities into urban planning. |
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| + | * the UK document [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118095356/http:/www.cabe.org.uk/files/safer-places.pdf 'safer places'] gives a wide variety of case studies of the application and results of a planning system delivering both sustainable environments and preventing crime. |
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| + | [[Cultural criminology]] has criticised design-based approaches to crime prevention for only reducing fear of crime but not the root causes of crime, while raising ethics issues. An illustrative argument is that design-based measures may just displace crime to other places nearby, and it may contribute to separating out certain types of people from certain types of public space (such as separating out other people than "middle class" from commercial malls).<ref> David Garland: The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, p. 162.</ref> |
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| + | * A good example of a practical application of crime prevention by design is given in [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7rxBbyySsUbVTJXNnJpbEhvNlk/view?usp=sharing this presentation] by the UK organisation ACPO. |
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| + | * [https://youtu.be/03_dHsEG1y4 Video on Secured By Design initiative in Bradford, UK] |
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Latest revision as of 14:36, 1 February 2017
Crime prevention by design is the idea that the level of crime is influenced by the built environment and, by careful design of this built environment, the level of crime can be reduced. This reduction can be accomplished by either addressing physical or social and individual sources of threat, or both.
Contents
Description
The idea that crime could be influenced by the design of the built environment was based on the more limited idea of defensible space and further developed in work of Elizabeth Wood, Jane Jacobs and Schlomo Angel.
Two principles of crime prevention by design are designing in and designing out.
Crime prevention by design methods
CPTED
CPTED (Crime prevention through environmental design) is a multi-disciplinary approach to deterring criminal behaviour through environmental design. It has a long history, dating back to the 1970s.
It employs three design strategies to reduce crime:
- Natural surveillance, called surveillance by the public in Securipedia
- Natural access control, which is covered in the measures Directing traffic flows and Access control
- Natural territorial reinforcement, which relates mainly to the securipedia measure of Ownership
In addition, it employs two strategies not related to design:
- Maintenance
- Activity support
Environmental design
Environmental design refers to the process of addressing environmental parameters in planning programs, policies or concepts. It is part of the "10 principles of crime prevention" following a U.K. initiative.
Secured by Design
Secured by design is a UK initiative to persuade the building, construction and design industry to adopt secure design methodology and to use products with a proven track record in defeating known criminal methods of entry.
Sustainable design
Sustainable design is “a design philosophy that values the natural environment as an integral factor in creating”[1] new physical objects, urban environment, and services “to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological sustainability”[2].
New urbanism
New urbanism is a school of thought that argues for conceptual integration of society and approaches from social sciences and humanities into urban planning.
Achievements and limitations
- the UK document 'safer places' gives a wide variety of case studies of the application and results of a planning system delivering both sustainable environments and preventing crime.
Cultural criminology has criticised design-based approaches to crime prevention for only reducing fear of crime but not the root causes of crime, while raising ethics issues. An illustrative argument is that design-based measures may just displace crime to other places nearby, and it may contribute to separating out certain types of people from certain types of public space (such as separating out other people than "middle class" from commercial malls).[1]
Further reading
- A good example of a practical application of crime prevention by design is given in this presentation by the UK organisation ACPO.
- Video on Secured By Design initiative in Bradford, UK
Footnotes and references
- ↑ David Garland: The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, p. 162.
