Measure type: Intervention force
Contents
Measure: reaction force
A reaction force is a unit of first responders with the task to react to emergencies in order to minimize impact and restore a normal situation as soon as possible.
Description
Essential conditions
Requirements to the urban environment
Effectiveness
Economic effectiveness
Being the first line of defense, public authorities spend annually billions of Euros on policing. There exist nevertheless relatively few rigorous studies by economists, political scientists, and criminal justice researchers on the impact of policing. According to Levitt(2004)[1], until the start of this decade, most studies found a insignificant or negative correlation between the number of police forces and criminal offences. This is according to Levitt (2004) due to the fact that these studies failed to account for the fact that policing does not only influences crime, but also the amount of crime influences the amount of policing. Recent studies, therefore, conclude that more police is associated with reductions in crime. A recent study by the London School of Economics (2008)[2], for example, concludes that police patrols are highly effective for cutting crime. Moreover, Levitt (2004) concludes that based on a crude approximation, the effectiveness of policing from a cost-benefit perspective is “attractive”. Both reports, however, do not claim that more policing should be the sole focus to reduce crime.
Side effects
Footnotes and references
- ↑ Levitt, S.D.(2004). Understanding why Crime fell in the 1990s; Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that do not. Journal of Economic Perspectives--Volume 18, Number 1-pages 163-190.
- ↑ Draca, M., S. Machin and R. Witt (2008). Panic on the Streets of London: Police, Crime and the July 2005 Terror Attacks. CEP Discussion Paper No 852. Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/19632/
MAP
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