Citizen participation
Contents
Citizen participation
Tracing back to classical principles of democracy, citizen participation[1] is widely accepted and appreciated in community decision making, community development and the health and social sectors. Basically, citizen volunteering and involvement are considered to balance and control political decisions, and result in decisions more beneficial to citizens and increased public acceptance.
- In security research, citizens have recently come to be regarded as the ultimate end-users of security solutions and technologies, and thus not as addressees of security measures, but as an essential group of stakeholders, that should be involved in related planning processes.
- Citizen participation in planning of security measures allows for evaluation of culture related beliefs, attitudes and risk aspects, and for identification of group specific security needs.
- Moreover, public and social perception of (in)security and risks is gaining increasing recognition in risk and security policies and decision making. Local community perception of risk situations and of security enhancing measures can be evaluated through citizen participation, and should be considered throughout the planning process.
- Citizen participation methods are useful tools to address culture aspects, legal aspects and ethics aspects in security related urban planning.
Type of participation | Concept |
---|---|
Information |
|
Consultation |
|
Consensus building |
|
Decision-making |
|
Risk-sharing |
|
Partnership |
|
Self-management |
|
Method | Culture aspects | Legal aspects | Ethics aspects |
---|---|---|---|
Activating opinion survey | X
Allows for identifying culture related risk aspects |
X | |
Advocacy planning | X | ||
Appreciative planning | X | X | |
Citizen jury | X | X | |
Cooperative discourse | X | ||
Dynamic facilitation | Allows for identifying culture aspects
and perception of (in)security and risks |
X | |
Experimental participation | X | ||
Focus group | X | X | X |
Future workshop | X | ||
Local open dialogue methods | X | X | X |
Neosocratic dialogue | X | ||
Participatory diagnosis | Allows for identifying culture aspects
and perception of (in)security and risks |
X | |
Planning for real | X
Allows for identifying culture related risk aspects |
||
Safety audit | X
Allows for identifying culture related risk aspects |
Links and further information
- For research, education, training and consultancy in the field of public participation see the Centre for Citizen Participation (CCP) [2012-10-23].
- For general information see International Association for Public Participation [2012-10-23]..
Footnotes and references
- ↑ United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) (2007): Enhancing urban safety and security. London: Earthscan. Online: http://books.google.at/books?id=SmsbwAtSfE0C&pg=PA205&dq=legal+aspects+in+urban+planning+security&hl=de&ei=m-WzTu-tLMbQ4QST4vjQAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=legal%20aspects%20in%20urban%20planning%20security&f=false, p. 20-21.
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