All-hazard approach
Contents
All-hazard approach
Introduction
The all-hazard approach is a generalized framework for mitigating, preparing for and responding to a wide range of disasters and emergencies irrespective of the nature of the event. All-hazards incorporates
- natural (e.g. flooding, earthquakes etc.),
- man-made (e.g. industrial accidents or technical failure , human failure) and
- intentional (e.g. terrorism, organized crime, cyber threats etc.; see also human intent)
hazards and threats. A complete all-hazards plan requires input from an all-hazard team (experts and all stakeholders) and includes all information for all risks and events.
The all-hazard approach has emerged in the field of disaster and emergency management and then spread to critical infrastructure protection. It has gained ground on the international scale (e.g. FEMA, DHS, AHC, ICSM, see also GAO 2005[1], Commonwealth Australia 2009[2], Bullock et al. 2009[3]) and, together with the “comprehensive approach” in security policies and security research, has been advanced in order to meet current and future threats. Better integration of information, assessment, policies, capacities and capabilities is the basis to meet this goal.
EU-all-hazards approach
The EU follows an all-hazard approach in the European Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP), and is aiming for using knowledge management principles and collecting a repertory of political, technological and other solutions. However, the all-hazard approach is not systemically applied yet; and systemic, strategic and proactive management is not always implemented in practice. Due to lack of common risk assessment standards, threats are often underestimated.
In its communication on the EU Internal Security Strategy, the European Commission (2010a: 8-11)[4] appeals for uniform risk analyses based on standardized criteria to establish a Common Risk Management Framework (CRMF), also including risk information and risk-based controls. Based on the Security Strategy[5] and the Communications on the Prevention of Natural and Man-made Disasters (European Commission, 2009)[6], the EC developed Risk Assessment und Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management (European Commission, 2010b)[7]. These guidelines are aimed to support the member states in their efforts and contributions for a European Risk Atlas and to serve as a further basis for an adequate coherent all-hazard risk policy due to be established by 2014.
Footnotes and references
- ↑ GAO (2005): HOMELAND SECURITY. DHS’ Efforts to Enhance First Responders’ All-Hazards Capabilities. Continue to Evolve. Report to the Chairman and Ranking Democratic Member, Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. GAO-05-652 United States Government Accountability Office. Retrieved from: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05652.pdf [2012-07-11].
- ↑ Commonwealth of Australia (2009): Australian Emergency Management Arrangements. Published by The Attorney-General’s Department. ISBN 978-1-921152-15-3.Retrieved from: http://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Australian%20Emergency%20Management%20Arrangements.pdf [2012-07-11].
- ↑ Bullock Jane, Haddow George, Coppola Damon P., Yeletaysi Sarp (2009): Introduction to Homeland Security: Principles of All-Hazards Response. 3rd Ed. Burlington: Elsevier. ISBN: 978-1856175098
- ↑ European Commission (2010a). COM(2010) 673 final. Communication from the Commission to the Euro¬pean Parliament and the Council. The EU Internal Security Strategy in Action: Five steps towards a more secure Europe. Retrieved from: http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/malmstrom/archive/internal_security_strategy_in_action_en.pdf [2011-08-09].
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Commission of the European Communities (2009): COM(2009)82 final. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A Community approach on the prevention of natural and man-made disasters. {SEC(2009)202} {SEC(2009)203}. Retrieved from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0082:FIN:EN:PDF [ 2011-08-09].
- ↑ European Commission (2010b). SEC(2010) 1626 final. Commission Staff Working Paper. Risk Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management. Retrieved from: http://ec.europa.eu/echo/civil_protection/civil/pdfdocs/prevention/COMM_PDF_SEC_2010_1626_F_staff_working_document_en.pdf [2011-08-09].
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