Difference between revisions of "Transportation"
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Transport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and [http://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/cargo goods] from one location to another. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations<ref name="ftn6"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport</ref>.Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution air pollution] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use use large amounts of land]. Good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawl urban sprawl]. |
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and [http://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/cargo goods] from one location to another. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations<ref name="ftn6"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport</ref>.Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution air pollution] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use use large amounts of land]. Good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawl urban sprawl]. |
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| − | = Operations = |
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| − | Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode<ref name="ftn8"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport</ref>. |
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| − | Usually, operations of transportation systems to perform [#_Traffic_management_1 traffic management] is done in traffic management centres. |
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| − | From Wikipedia a mode of transport (or means of transport or transport mode or transport modality or form of transport) is a term used to distinguish substantially different ways to perform transport<ref name="ftn9"> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transport http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_of_transport]</ref>. The most dominant modes of urban transport are land transport, including [#_Road_transport road], [#_Rails rail], [#_Water_transport water] and [#_Air_transport air transport]. Other modes also exist, including pipelines, cable transport, and space transport. Transport using more than one mode is described as [#_Multimodal_transport multimodal transport]. Transportation that carries around many people and can be used by the public is known as [#_Mass_transport mass transport]. |
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| − | Each mode has its own [#_Infrastructure infrastructure], vehicles, and [#_Operations operations], and often has unique regulations. Each mode of transport therefore also has different security issues which should be accounted for in the design and operation processes. |
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| − | = Road transport = |
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| − | People travelling on the road are either pedestrians, cyclists or they are using a certain type of vehicle, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile automobiles], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycles bicycles], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buses buses], vans or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck trucks]. Passenger transport may furthermore be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport public], where operators provide scheduled services, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_transport private]. |
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| − | Potential risks for road transport are blocked roads and traffic accidents. Blocked roads can be prevented or the consequences can be minimized by using [#_Traffic_management traffic management], such [#_Incident_management as incident management] and designing a [#_Robustness robust road network]. Traffic accidents can be minimized by certain measures for [#_Road_safety road safety] and the consequences can again be minimized with [#_Incident_management incident management]. |
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| − | == Non-motorized transport == |
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| − | Insert text |
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| − | == Walking == |
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| − | == Cycling == |
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| − | Insert text== Other non-motorized modes ==Insert text== Light duty vehicles ==Insert text== Heavy duty vehicles ==Insert text=== Bus ==Insert text= Rail transport =Rail transport includes all transport over rails. This can be either for passenger or goods transport, and with different modes of transport, such as trains, metro and trams.With rail transport, more people or goods can be transported within the same transport vehicle (i.e.) than with road transport. However, there is less flexibility for choosing a different route or time. A schedule is needed to manage all vehicles/trains on the railroad network. Also, disruptions can have large consequences on the schedule, since passing a standstill train is not always possible. This makes a railway system especially vulnerable for incidents or possible terrorist attacks. == Train ==Insert text== Tram ==Insert text= Water transport =Water transport = Air transport =Air transport includes all transport through the air. In an urban or regional context this air transport includes local air traffic such as small airplanes or helicopters. From a broader perspective air transport within urban or regional areas include passenger and freight air routes that cross urban or regional areas. In the context of urban security air transport is explicitly high impact. As experienced during 9/11 and other terrorist threats the consequences of failing security are devastating. Air traffic is therefore extremely well monitored, both in terms of passengers or freight as in terms of routing and operations management. Security enforcement primarily takes place at the [#_Airports airports] incorporating many facets of security management.= Public transport =Public transport is passenger transport which is publicly available. This can furthermore be distinguished in collective and individual transport. Examples of collective public transport are transport by buses, tram metro, train and plane. Examples of individual public transport are taxis, and in some countries so called riksjas or tuk tuks (a bicycle or moped with a backseat for a few people).Public transport management is used to manage the public transport in order to be able to get people from A to B with public transport as efficiently as possible. If the public transport is disrupted due to a security issue, public transport management measures can be used to minimize the hindrance, such as sending temporary buses or letting trains drive over alternative routes.Public transport is very vulnerable to terrorist attacks, since many people use the same means of transport on the same time and the schedule and routes are publicly available. An attack is therefore easy and the consequences are big. = Freight transport and logistics =A special discipline within transportation is freight transport and logistics. It concerns the distribution of goods from the source to their destination, such as warehouses or terminals for further distribution to e.g. shops. This can involve different modes of transport. The total system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendor_(supply_chain) supplier] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer customer] is called a ''supply chain''. Optimizing this chain is called supply chain optimization. This is mainly focused on time and cost minimization. Disruptions in the supply chain (possibly caused by security issues) mainly have economical consequences, while incidents in passenger transport also might have health consequences for people.= Multimodal transport =Insert text= Mass transport =Insert text |
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Revision as of 21:52, 1 March 2012
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations[1].Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use large amounts of land. Good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain urban sprawl.
