Measure type: Physical measures

Physical measures could be used for controlling access, impeding an attack or protective materials.

Tech description	Threat type	Threat phase	Tech use	Tech criteria	Products/suppliers
Influence attacker physically (for example, intimidate, Less Lethal Weapons (sound, vision))	all	Execution	Respond / restrict	Readiness / Performance	Psychological Intervention Guide for PBIED attacks: multidimensional matrix of significant aspects of PBIED in crowd, facilitates sense making in using softer methods to delay/protect (by TNO, for FP7 SUBCOP)
Physical barriers that are flexible or permanent	Vehicle attack	Pre-attack preparations	Protect	Readiness / performance	Many available
Urban layout with bollards, planters, et cetera	Vehicle, VBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Other: impact, architectural looks	n/a
Reduce the loading on a building by using landscape design	VBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Cost and other: effectiveness	n/a
Design of roads to prevent the impact of vehicles with a high speed	Vehicle, VBIED attack	Execution / Post-Attack/Escape	Protect	n/a	n/a
Prevent crowded places with environment design	all	Execution	Protect	n/a	n/a
Temporary measures – vehicle barriers, checkpoint, road block	Vehicle, VBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Physical, cost and other: impact on normal operations	n/a
Permanent measures – security gate, (blast resistant) fencing, bollards….	Vehicle, VBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Physical, cost and other: impact on normal operations	n/a
Façade design (include the window and door anchors)	IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Physical / cost	n/a
Explosion resistant glazing	IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Physical / cost	n/a
Bullet proof glazing	Fire arms attack	Execution	Protect	Physical / cost	n/a
Prevent progressive collapse	IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Physical / cost	n/a
Prevent roof objects like lightning, panels to fall on the people	IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Physical / cost	n/a
Provide a safe place for shelter	Fire arms, sharp object attack	Execution	Protect	Physical / cost	n/a
Products to mitigate or reduce the explosion effects like blast container (place them around the threat) to isolate the threat	IED, PBIED attack	Execution	Protect	Other: (It might be effective to protect the surrounding, but also has side effects. E.g. additional risk for EOD)	n/a
Personal protection (vest, helmet, gear) to the first responders and security personnel	Fire arms, sharp object attack	Pre-attack preparations / Execution	Respond	Physical / cost / performance	n/a
Bomb suit (Explosive ordnance) of the first responders and security personnel	IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED attack	Execution / Post-Attack/Escape	Respond	Physical / performance	n/a

Other measure types are:

• ICT
• Sensors
• Actuators
• Methods