Difference between revisions of "Economic impact of security measures"
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
=Economic impact of security measures= |
=Economic impact of security measures= |
||
| ⚫ | With the help of security measures it is possible to eliminate the risk of a terrorist or criminal event, or at least reduce the risk. [[Measure|Security measures]], however, also generate economic impact, here referred to as the '''economic impact of security measures'''. This includes the costs of securing a specific urban object, but also the costs and benefits regarding the secondary impact of security measures. |
||
| + | |||
| + | == The Relevance for Urban Planners == |
||
| + | |||
| ⚫ | With the help of |
||
==Types of impact== |
==Types of impact== |
||
| Line 23: | Line 26: | ||
Other related subjects are illustrated in the '''clickable map''' below: |
Other related subjects are illustrated in the '''clickable map''' below: |
||
| + | Crime and terrorism are a major part of every European society. The types of costs and economic effects of crime and terrorism are widely varried and will be referred to as '''economic impact of security threats'''. |
||
| − | <imagemap> |
||
| − | Image:Economic_impact_2.png|510px |
||
| + | == The Relevance for Urban Planners == |
||
| − | rect 2 40 215 132 [[Economic impact of urban planning|Economic impact of urban planning]] |
||
| + | * The [[comprises::Economic effects of crime|costs and effects of crime]] touch just about everyone to some degree. The ultimate cost of crime is the loss of life, but other major costs to victims of crime include medical costs, property losses, and loss of income. |
||
| − | rect 235 36 452 134 [[Economic impact of security threats|Economic impact of security threats]] |
||
| − | rect 492 36 711 133 [[Economic impact of security measures|Economic impact of security measures]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| − | rect 1 334 216 430 [[Economic impact|Economic impact]] |
||
| − | rect 412 261 631 355 [[Primary economic impact|Primary economic impact]] |
||
| − | rect 414 417 628 509 [[Secondary economic impact|Secondary economic impact]] |
||
| + | * After a big terrorist event, one can read frequently about the economic damage of the event on the local economy such as after the London Bombings in 2005 or the September 11 attacks in New York. Due to the significant [[comprises::Economic effects of terrorism|costs and effects of terrorism]], knowledge about this theme is of major relevance for any urban planner. |
||
| − | desc bottom-left |
||
| − | </imagemap> |
||
| + | Put differently, the economic impact of security threats (crime & terrorism) can be significant and explains why economists and related scholars increasingly analyzed the economic impact of crime and terrorism. |
||
| + | == Groups of economic impact of security threats== |
||
| + | According to Krugman (2004)<ref name="ftn13"> Krugman, P. (2004). ''The Nexus of Terrorism & WMDs: Developing a Consensus''. Princeton University.</ref> (a Nobel Prize-winning economist), the economic impact of terrorism is similar to the economic impact of crime, and can be divided into three groups: |
||
| + | # The direct economic impact performed by criminal and terrorist acts on the urban object/environment (buildings and infrastructure destroyed, productive lives ended). |
||
| + | # The indirect economic impact (on the urban environment) such as effects on tourism, investments, consumption, trade, etc.). |
||
| + | # Budget effects of preventive security measures against crime and terrorism such as money spent on national defense, airport security, and the police, in an attempt to prevent or forestall future criminal and terrorist events. |
||
| + | It is important to realise for urban planners that crime and terrorism do not only lead to direct physical costs and preventive measures, but also generate less tangible costs that are not easily or precisely identified, but can be of major importance for the local economy. This will be further explained on the specific pages (see above). |
||
| + | |||
| + | ==Related subjects== |
||
| + | The economic impact of security threats are closely related to: |
||
| + | * [[belongs to::Economic impact]] |
||
| + | * The [[is synonymous to::economic effects of security measures]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| − | Economic impact can be measured with [[Economic tools|economic tools]]. |
||
= MAP = |
= MAP = |
||
Revision as of 13:24, 28 November 2012
Contents
Economic impact of security measures
With the help of security measures it is possible to eliminate the risk of a terrorist or criminal event, or at least reduce the risk. Security measures, however, also generate economic impact, here referred to as the economic impact of security measures. This includes the costs of securing a specific urban object, but also the costs and benefits regarding the secondary impact of security measures.
The Relevance for Urban Planners
Types of impact
Although largely similar, there are differences in the economic effects of (see clickable map):
Error: Image is invalid or non-existent.
Related subjects
The economic impact of security measures are closely related to:
- The economic impact of security threats (crime & terrorism)
- The economics of criminal & terrorist behaviour
Other related subjects are illustrated in the clickable map below:
Crime and terrorism are a major part of every European society. The types of costs and economic effects of crime and terrorism are widely varried and will be referred to as economic impact of security threats.
The Relevance for Urban Planners
- The costs and effects of crime touch just about everyone to some degree. The ultimate cost of crime is the loss of life, but other major costs to victims of crime include medical costs, property losses, and loss of income.
- After a big terrorist event, one can read frequently about the economic damage of the event on the local economy such as after the London Bombings in 2005 or the September 11 attacks in New York. Due to the significant costs and effects of terrorism, knowledge about this theme is of major relevance for any urban planner.
Put differently, the economic impact of security threats (crime & terrorism) can be significant and explains why economists and related scholars increasingly analyzed the economic impact of crime and terrorism.
Groups of economic impact of security threats
According to Krugman (2004)[1] (a Nobel Prize-winning economist), the economic impact of terrorism is similar to the economic impact of crime, and can be divided into three groups:
- The direct economic impact performed by criminal and terrorist acts on the urban object/environment (buildings and infrastructure destroyed, productive lives ended).
- The indirect economic impact (on the urban environment) such as effects on tourism, investments, consumption, trade, etc.).
- Budget effects of preventive security measures against crime and terrorism such as money spent on national defense, airport security, and the police, in an attempt to prevent or forestall future criminal and terrorist events.
It is important to realise for urban planners that crime and terrorism do not only lead to direct physical costs and preventive measures, but also generate less tangible costs that are not easily or precisely identified, but can be of major importance for the local economy. This will be further explained on the specific pages (see above).
Related subjects
The economic impact of security threats are closely related to:
- belongs to::Economic impact
- The is synonymous to::economic effects of security measures
- The economics of terrorist and criminal behaviour
MAP
<websiteFrame> website=http://securipedia.eu/cool/index.php?wiki=securipedia.eu&concept=Economic_impact_of_security_measures height=1023 width=100% border=0 scroll=auto align=middle </websiteFrame>
<headertabs/>
- ↑ Krugman, P. (2004). The Nexus of Terrorism & WMDs: Developing a Consensus. Princeton University.
