Sustainable design

Sustainable design

Sustainable design can be defined as “a design philosophy that values the natural environment as an integral factor in creating” new physical objects, urban environment, and services “to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological sustainability”.

Description

Although, in a narrow sense sustainable design aims to eliminate negative environmental impact through design, there is growing evidence that sustainable design also provides social and economic benefits. Where social benefits are mainly related to the quality of life, health, and well-being, the economic benefits are the result of a reduction in utility and maintenance costs, lower security costs, and indirect economic effects due to the social and environmental benefits.

Security related aspects of sustainable design

At a first glance, the relationship between sustainable design and building security might seem to be coexisting and not complementary to each other. Concrete and steel, for example, are materials that can be well used to secure a place, but are not the most sustainable materials possible. However, an increasing amount of designers believe that improved building security can work hand in hand with energy efficiency. Take, for instance, the Pentagon renovation project:

During the Pentagon renovation project,[...]“a spray-on wall coating selected to improve blast-resistance also helps improve the air tightness of the building envelope. The tighter envelope not only saves heating and cooling energy but also provides added protection against outside releases of airborne chemical or biological agents. The U.S. Department of Defense reports that new blast-resistant windows chosen to replace the original ones at the Pentagon are also 50% more energy efficient. Another feature is the choice of photo-luminescent signage to mark evacuation routes; these require no standby power and are also easier to see through smoke caused by a fire or explosion than conventional exit signs. A final example from the Pentagon project is the use of zoned climate control systems that not only reduce heating and cooling energy use and improve indoor air quality, but also make it easier to control smoke and manage the spread of chemical or biological toxins in response to an emergency" (Source: U.S. Department of Energy, EERE(2003), P 3-5 and 3-7)

Some other examples of interactions between security and efficiency measures:

• Improving control of air distribution systems enables a quick response to emergencies and energy-efficient operation.
• Tighter building enclosure reduces energy losses from air infiltration and makes it easier to reduce airborne hazards from outside the building.
• Daylit spaces make an evacuation easier and faster in case of a power failure.
• Blast resistance windows create opportunities to improve thermal and optical daylight performance.
• Intelligent security lightning with automated sensing and surveillance may reduce the need for nighttime lightning levels.
• Particle air filters not only protect buildings from biological agent attacks, but also have occupant health benefits, improving the productivity of the occupants and improves the heat exchange efficiency.
• “ Site planning that provides a wide buffer zone to keep vehicles away from the exterior of a public building can also provide opportunities for better solar access and for climate-appropriate landscaping.”

In conclusion, due to the combination of sustainable and security investments in the urban environment, security measures become more affordable.

Social sustainability in urban design

• and how an imbalance between affluence and deprivation can be prevented.

Economic sustainability in urban design

Sustainable design leads to investment costs, but also generates direct (primary) and indirect (secondary) economic effects. Examples of direct economic benefits are savings on capital and operating cost (use of water, maintenance costs, etc.), and an increased productivity of occupants. Indirectly, the environmental and social benefits of sustainable design will not only lower permitting costs for the developer, but will also benefit society since there will be less air pollution, less need for utility investments (water/sewage treatment), etc.

Sustainable design in terms of security addresses issues such as the trade-off between, on the one hand, short-term objectives and on the other hand long-term ones. For example, one of the key goals of social housing is to keep these house affordable (i.e. build them as efficient and cheap as possible). However, there is an increasing amount of literature available claiming that cheap housing is associated with crime and deprivation

• safety = public/private good
• affordability versus safety

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