Difference between revisions of "Ecological perspective"
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The '''“ecological” perspective''' refers to the question of what happens socially as a consequence of the exposure of people to built environments<ref>W. Michelson: Influence of sociology on urban design. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris(eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 125-136. </ref>. Ecosystems including humans living in cities and urban environments are characterized by specific interactions. ”'''Urban ecology'''” describes the relationships between human and ecological processes and how they can co-exist<ref>Marzluff, J., Shulenberger, E., Endlicher, W., Alberti, M., Bradley, G., Ryan, C., ZumBrunnen, C., Simon, U. (2008): Urban Ecology. An International Perspective on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature. New York: Springer.; Alberti M. (2008): Advances in Urban Ecology. Integrating Humans and Ecological Processes in Urban Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer.</ref>. Societies and urban planners are increasingly challenged to put additional efforts in developing sustainable, resource-friendly and less resource-dependent systems to ensure long-term functioning of the urban ecosystems. |
The '''“ecological” perspective''' refers to the question of what happens socially as a consequence of the exposure of people to built environments<ref>W. Michelson: Influence of sociology on urban design. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris(eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 125-136. </ref>. Ecosystems including humans living in cities and urban environments are characterized by specific interactions. ”'''Urban ecology'''” describes the relationships between human and ecological processes and how they can co-exist<ref>Marzluff, J., Shulenberger, E., Endlicher, W., Alberti, M., Bradley, G., Ryan, C., ZumBrunnen, C., Simon, U. (2008): Urban Ecology. An International Perspective on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature. New York: Springer.; Alberti M. (2008): Advances in Urban Ecology. Integrating Humans and Ecological Processes in Urban Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer.</ref>. Societies and urban planners are increasingly challenged to put additional efforts in developing sustainable, resource-friendly and less resource-dependent systems to ensure long-term functioning of the urban ecosystems. |
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Revision as of 10:29, 14 August 2012
Ecological perspective
The “ecological” perspective refers to the question of what happens socially as a consequence of the exposure of people to built environments[1]. Ecosystems including humans living in cities and urban environments are characterized by specific interactions. ”Urban ecology” describes the relationships between human and ecological processes and how they can co-exist[2]. Societies and urban planners are increasingly challenged to put additional efforts in developing sustainable, resource-friendly and less resource-dependent systems to ensure long-term functioning of the urban ecosystems.
This can involve a variety of security-related aspects (see also Checklist on culture, legal and ethics aspects): Urban planning is particularly forced to consider sustainable concepts to safeguard public health by reducing health risks or technical risks emerging from the built environment. Climate change and weather related natural hazards, demographic changes, population growth, urbanization, increasing mobility and rising propagation speed of threats are further security related ecological factors resulting from built environments. At the same time they are considered to pose major threats to society, its functioning and the built environment itself, or cause shifts in geographic scale of threats and disasters[3].
t.b.e. ADD: such as exclusion of specific social groups (cultural criminology; "designing out" approach);
Footnotes and references
- ↑ W. Michelson: Influence of sociology on urban design. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris(eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 125-136.
- ↑ Marzluff, J., Shulenberger, E., Endlicher, W., Alberti, M., Bradley, G., Ryan, C., ZumBrunnen, C., Simon, U. (2008): Urban Ecology. An International Perspective on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature. New York: Springer.; Alberti M. (2008): Advances in Urban Ecology. Integrating Humans and Ecological Processes in Urban Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer.
- ↑ OECD 2003: Emerging Risks in the 21st Century. An Agenda for Action. OECD Publication Service Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Paris. Retrieved from http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/Literature/7754.pdf [2011-01-28].; IFRC (2010): World Disasters Report 2010. Focus on urban risks. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: Geneva. Retrieved from: http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/disasters/WDR/WDR2010-full.pdf [2011-07-18].
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