Difference between revisions of "Security threat: acts"
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==='''Financial crime'''=== |
==='''Financial crime'''=== |
||
| + | {Intro what is financial crime.} |
||
| + | Examples of financial crime are burglary, robbery, ram-raiding, pickpocketing, raid, vehicle theft or cybercrime. |
||
| − | ====Burglary==== |
||
| − | === |
+ | ==='''Organized crime'''=== |
| + | {Intro what is organized crime. } |
||
| + | Examples are drug crime, white collar crime, burglary or cybercrime. |
||
| − | ====Ram-raiding==== |
||
| − | === |
+ | ==='''High Impact crime'''=== |
| + | {Intro what is high impact crime.} |
||
| + | Examples are terrorism, homicide (such as crime passionel, financially motivated homicide and drug homicide), sexual crimes (such as rape, child molestations and sexual assault) or violent crimes (such as domestic, hate crime and assault). |
||
| − | ====Raid==== |
||
| − | ==== |
+ | ====Terrorism==== |
| + | '''''[[Terrorism]]''''' is often defined as “The premeditated use or threat of use of extra-normal violence or brutality by subnational groups to obtain a political, religious or ideological objective through intimidation of a huge audience, usually not directly involved with the policy making that the terrorists seek to influence”<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>. Terroristic acts are often carried out by radicalized individuals (lone actor terrorists) or terrorist cells (groups and/or networks). The EU Directive 2017/541 on combating terrorism<sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup>, which all EU Member States were obliged to transpose in their national legislation by 8 September 2018, specifies that “terrorist offences are certain intentional acts which, given their nature or context, may seriously damage a country or an international organization when committed with the aim of: |
||
| + | ● seriously intimidating a population; |
||
| − | ====Cybercrime==== |
||
| − | <br /> |
||
| + | ● unduly compelling a government or international organization to perform or abstain from performing any act; |
||
| − | ==='''Organised crime'''=== |
||
| + | ● or seriously destabilizing or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of a country or an international organization. |
||
| − | ====Drug crime==== |
||
| − | ====White collar crime==== |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Burglary==== |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Cybercrime==== |
||
<br /> |
<br /> |
||
| − | ==='''High Impact crime'''=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==== Terrorism ==== |
||
| − | {Hier korte uitleg en dan linken naar [[terrorism]] pagina} |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Homicide==== |
||
| − | {crime passionel, financially motivated homicide & drug homicide} |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Sexual crimes==== |
||
| − | {rape, child molestation & sexual assault} |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Violent crimes==== |
||
| − | {domestic, hate crime & assault} |
||
| − | |||
==Motives== |
==Motives== |
||
| + | There are different motives for crime. One can at least distinguish four types of motives: financial gain, boredom or compulsive behavior, impulse and ideological or political motives. |
||
| − | {Korte inleiding en kort elk motief beschrijven) |
||
==='''Financial gain'''=== |
==='''Financial gain'''=== |
||
| + | The motive for financial gain (or profit) in essence is about acting to achieve monetary gain and in the end making money. Financial gain is one of the biggest motive to commit crimes, ranging from first time offenders to serial offenders and organized crime. |
||
| − | <br /> |
||
| − | ==='''Boredom or compulsive behaviour'''=== |
||
| − | === |
+ | === '''Boredom''' === |
| + | {The motive boredom or compulsive behavior....} |
||
| + | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| + | {The motive compulsive behavior...} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| − | <br /> |
||
==='''Impulse'''=== |
==='''Impulse'''=== |
||
| + | The impulse motivation stems from an emotion or desire to the will of an individual that creates actions. Acting on these impulses often is related to external influence, meaning some kind of expected reward. Examples of impulse motives are sensation seeking, young male syndrome or riots and groups violence. |
||
| − | ====Sensation seeking==== |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Young Male Syndrome==== |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Riots and group violence==== |
||
| − | <br /> |
||
==='''Ideological or political motives'''=== |
==='''Ideological or political motives'''=== |
||
| + | Ideological of political motivation to act is based on individuals or groups that want to impose their political or cultural beliefs and ideals on others. In doing so, sometimes this results in crimes bases on these ideological or political beliefs. Crimes stemming from ideological or political motives are, for example, terrorism, mass killings, genocide, VIP abduction or assassination. |
||
====Terrorism==== |
====Terrorism==== |
||
| + | There can be four different '''''[[Terrorism|terrorism motives]]''''' that can be distinguished: ethno-nationalist and separatist terrorism, jihadist terrorism, right-wing terrorism and left-wing and anarchist terrorism. |
||
| − | {Hier korte zin en dan linken naar [[Terrorism|terrorisme]] pagina'?} |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Mass killings==== |
||
| − | |||
| − | ====Genocide==== |
||
| + | ----<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup> Phillips, P.J. (2016). ''The Economics of Terrorism''. Routledge: New York. |
||
| − | ====VIP abduction==== |
||
| + | <sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup> Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA and amending Council Decision 2005/671/JHA, <nowiki>https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32017L0541</nowiki> |
||
| − | ====Assassination==== |
||
Revision as of 10:13, 12 November 2020
{Vivian + Puck}
{inleiding acts}
Contents
Types
Financial crime
{Intro what is financial crime.}
Examples of financial crime are burglary, robbery, ram-raiding, pickpocketing, raid, vehicle theft or cybercrime.
Organized crime
{Intro what is organized crime. }
Examples are drug crime, white collar crime, burglary or cybercrime.
High Impact crime
{Intro what is high impact crime.}
Examples are terrorism, homicide (such as crime passionel, financially motivated homicide and drug homicide), sexual crimes (such as rape, child molestations and sexual assault) or violent crimes (such as domestic, hate crime and assault).
Terrorism
Terrorism is often defined as “The premeditated use or threat of use of extra-normal violence or brutality by subnational groups to obtain a political, religious or ideological objective through intimidation of a huge audience, usually not directly involved with the policy making that the terrorists seek to influence”[1]. Terroristic acts are often carried out by radicalized individuals (lone actor terrorists) or terrorist cells (groups and/or networks). The EU Directive 2017/541 on combating terrorism[2], which all EU Member States were obliged to transpose in their national legislation by 8 September 2018, specifies that “terrorist offences are certain intentional acts which, given their nature or context, may seriously damage a country or an international organization when committed with the aim of:
● seriously intimidating a population;
● unduly compelling a government or international organization to perform or abstain from performing any act;
● or seriously destabilizing or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of a country or an international organization.
Motives
There are different motives for crime. One can at least distinguish four types of motives: financial gain, boredom or compulsive behavior, impulse and ideological or political motives.
Financial gain
The motive for financial gain (or profit) in essence is about acting to achieve monetary gain and in the end making money. Financial gain is one of the biggest motive to commit crimes, ranging from first time offenders to serial offenders and organized crime.
Boredom
{The motive boredom or compulsive behavior....}
Compulsive behavior
{The motive compulsive behavior...}
Impulse
The impulse motivation stems from an emotion or desire to the will of an individual that creates actions. Acting on these impulses often is related to external influence, meaning some kind of expected reward. Examples of impulse motives are sensation seeking, young male syndrome or riots and groups violence.
Ideological or political motives
Ideological of political motivation to act is based on individuals or groups that want to impose their political or cultural beliefs and ideals on others. In doing so, sometimes this results in crimes bases on these ideological or political beliefs. Crimes stemming from ideological or political motives are, for example, terrorism, mass killings, genocide, VIP abduction or assassination.
Terrorism
There can be four different terrorism motives that can be distinguished: ethno-nationalist and separatist terrorism, jihadist terrorism, right-wing terrorism and left-wing and anarchist terrorism.
[1] Phillips, P.J. (2016). The Economics of Terrorism. Routledge: New York.
[2] Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA and amending Council Decision 2005/671/JHA, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32017L0541
