Difference between revisions of "Environmental psychology"

From Securipedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 11: Line 11:
 
But:
  
But:
   
−
* [[Security|security]] or [[Resilience|resilience]] cannot just be designed by way of planning.
+
* [[Security]] or [[Resilience|resilience]] cannot just be designed by way of planning.
 
* Environmental/security/risk cognition cannot be designed.
  
* Environmental/security/risk cognition cannot be designed.
 
* The meaning intentionally embodied in built environment is not always decoded by citizens as intended.
  
* The meaning intentionally embodied in built environment is not always decoded by citizens as intended.
Line 18: Line 18:
   
 
==Approaches how to address it==
  
==Approaches how to address it==
−
* Urban design should avoid stressful and potentially threatening feelings of being lost in large buildings<ref>K. Lynch: The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1960.</ref> so that “one can comprehend and navigate environments”<ref>J. L. Nasar: Environmental psychology and urban design. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 162-174, p. 165. </ref>.
 +
* Urban design should avoid stressful and potentially threatening feelings of being lost in large buildings<ref>K. Lynch: The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1960.</ref>.
 
* Urban design should “incorporate public meanings” and citizens’ images of places, including those of “secure” or “safe” places<ref>J. L. Nasar: Environmental psychology and urban design. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 162-174, p. 166.</ref>.
  
* Urban design should “incorporate public meanings” and citizens’ images of places, including those of “secure” or “safe” places<ref>J. L. Nasar: Environmental psychology and urban design. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 162-174, p. 166.</ref>.
 
* Desire for security should not inform urban planning to contribute to threatening citizens’ rights of expression and dissent<ref>Cf. C. Whitzman: Secure cities. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 670-671.</ref>.
  
* Desire for security should not inform urban planning to contribute to threatening citizens’ rights of expression and dissent<ref>Cf. C. Whitzman: Secure cities. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 670-671.</ref>.

Revision as of 12:16, 18 October 2012


Environmental psychology

Environmental psychology[1] focuses on the interplay between society/social individua and their (structural) surroundings. The term "environment" encompasses natural environment as well as built environment, but also social settings and learning and informational environments. Environmental psychology is both value and problem oriented and addresses the complexity of environmental problems on the basis of human-environment interactions and the perception of environment.


Security related aspects

  • Urban design and environment impacts social behaviour in a positive or negative way.

But:

  • Security or resilience cannot just be designed by way of planning.
  • Environmental/security/risk cognition cannot be designed.
  • The meaning intentionally embodied in built environment is not always decoded by citizens as intended.
  • The identification of “weak points” in urban environments from a security culture point of view takes place in cultural contexts[2]. It is socially negotiated and/or constructed.


Approaches how to address it

  • Urban design should avoid stressful and potentially threatening feelings of being lost in large buildings[3].
  • Urban design should “incorporate public meanings” and citizens’ images of places, including those of “secure” or “safe” places[4].
  • Desire for security should not inform urban planning to contribute to threatening citizens’ rights of expression and dissent[5].
  • Consider local/regional security culture.
  • Consider local/regional perception of (in)security/risks.
  • Involve citizens in the planning process (see citizen participation).


An example would be securitization as an emerging process: 




As a result, also 

Debates in urban design though have often disregarded this aspect, rather centring on “[...] which good design determines good behavior [...]” (Whitzman 2011:650)[6]. Another relevant aspect is the perception of criticality of built infrastructure.




Footnotes and references

  1. ↑ E.g. J. L. Nasar: Environmental psychology and urban design. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 162-174.
  2. ↑ J. Falkheimer/H. Mats: Multicultural Crisis Communication: Towards a Social Constructionist Perspective. In: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 14, no. 4., 2006.
  3. ↑ K. Lynch: The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1960.
  4. ↑ J. L. Nasar: Environmental psychology and urban design. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 162-174, p. 166.
  5. ↑ Cf. C. Whitzman: Secure cities. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 670-671.
  6. ↑ C. Whitzman: Secure cities. In: T. Banerjee/A. Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.): Companion to Urban Design. London/New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 663-673, p. 670.

MAP

<websiteFrame> website=http://securipedia.eu/cool/index.php?wiki=securipedia.eu&concept=Environmental_psychology height=1023 width=100% border=0 scroll=auto align=middle </websiteFrame>

<headertabs/>

Retrieved from "https://securipedia.eu/index.php?title=Environmental_psychology&oldid=5468"