Difference between revisions of "Crisis management cycle"

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==Definitions==
  
==Definitions==
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Views and interpretations of the phases vary widely in literature, according to disciplines; and there is a wide number of definitions available. Following definitions are conform with those provided from the [http://www.unisdr.org/ United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Disaster] (UNISDR 2009)<ref>UNISDR 2009: 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction ISDR. United Nations: Geneva. Online: http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf [2011-05-13].</ref>
 +
Views and interpretations of the phases vary largely in literature, according to disciplines; and there is a wide number of definitions available. Following definitions are conform with those provided from the [http://www.unisdr.org/ United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Disaster] (UNISDR 2009)<ref>UNISDR 2009: 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction ISDR. United Nations: Geneva. Online: http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf [2011-05-13].</ref>
   
  ⚫
===Mitigation===
  ⚫
"''The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.''
   
  ⚫
''Comment: The adverse impacts of hazards often cannot be prevented fully, but their scale or severity can be substantially lessened by various strategies and actions. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness. It should be noted that in climate change policy, “mitigation” is defined differently, being the term used for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that are the source of climate change.''" (UNISDR 2009: 19-20)
⚫
===Disaster risk management===
  
⚫
"''The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster.''
  
   
⚫
''Comment: This term is an extension of the more general term “risk management” to address the specific issue of disaster risks. Disaster risk management aims to avoid, lessen or transfer the adverse effects of hazards through activities and measures for prevention, mitigation and preparedness.''" (UNISDR 2009:10)
  
   
⚫
===Emergency management===
  
⚫
"''The organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps.
  
   
⚫
Comment: A crisis or emergency is a threatening condition that requires urgent action. Effective
  
⚫
emergency action can avoid the escalation of an event into a disaster. Emergency management involves
  
⚫
plans and institutional arrangements to engage and guide the efforts of government, non-government,
  
⚫
voluntary and private agencies in comprehensive and coordinated ways to respond to the entire spectrum of emergency needs. The expression “disaster management” is sometimes used instead of
  
⚫
emergency management.''" (UNISDR 2009: 13-14)
  
   
   
  ⚫
===Preparedness===
   
⚫
===Mitigation===
  
⚫
"''The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.''
  
   
⚫
''Comment: The adverse impacts of hazards often cannot be prevented fully, but their scale or severity can be substantially lessened by various strategies and actions. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness. It should be noted that in climate change policy, “mitigation” is defined differently, being the term used for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that are the source of climate change.''" (UNISDR 2009: 19-20)
  
   
   
   
  ⚫
===Response===
   
   
⚫
===Preparedness===
  
   
  ⚫
===Recovery===
   
  ⚫
===Disaster risk management===
  ⚫
"''The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster.''
   
  ⚫
''Comment: This term is an extension of the more general term “risk management” to address the specific issue of disaster risks. Disaster risk management aims to avoid, lessen or transfer the adverse effects of hazards through activities and measures for prevention, mitigation and preparedness.''" (UNISDR 2009:10)
   
  ⚫
===Emergency management===
  ⚫
"''The organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps.
  +
  ⚫
Comment: A crisis or emergency is a threatening condition that requires urgent action. Effective
  ⚫
emergency action can avoid the escalation of an event into a disaster. Emergency management involves
  ⚫
plans and institutional arrangements to engage and guide the efforts of government, non-government,
  ⚫
voluntary and private agencies in comprehensive and coordinated ways to respond to the entire spectrum of emergency needs. The expression “disaster management” is sometimes used instead of
  ⚫
emergency management.''" (UNISDR 2009: 13-14)
   
⚫
===Response===
  
   
   
   
⚫
===Recovery===
  
   
   

Revision as of 13:44, 19 July 2012

Crisis management cycle

Introduction

Crisis, disaster and emergency management are widely understood to be a multiple-phase process, with the phases generally paralleling, rather than running sequentially. Among several models of the crisis management cycle (synonymously used: emergency management cycle, disaster and/or risk management cycle), it’s terminology and number of phases circulating (cf. Stangl et Stollenwerk 2011)[1], the 4-phases cycle became widely accepted (cf. Schwab et al. 2007: 19[2], Coppola 2009: 8[3], US Department of Education 2009[4]).


Definitions

Views and interpretations of the phases vary largely in literature, according to disciplines; and there is a wide number of definitions available. Following definitions are conform with those provided from the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Disaster (UNISDR 2009)[5]

Mitigation

"The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Comment: The adverse impacts of hazards often cannot be prevented fully, but their scale or severity can be substantially lessened by various strategies and actions. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness. It should be noted that in climate change policy, “mitigation” is defined differently, being the term used for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that are the source of climate change." (UNISDR 2009: 19-20)



Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Disaster risk management

"The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster.

Comment: This term is an extension of the more general term “risk management” to address the specific issue of disaster risks. Disaster risk management aims to avoid, lessen or transfer the adverse effects of hazards through activities and measures for prevention, mitigation and preparedness." (UNISDR 2009:10)

Emergency management

"The organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps.

Comment: A crisis or emergency is a threatening condition that requires urgent action. Effective emergency action can avoid the escalation of an event into a disaster. Emergency management involves plans and institutional arrangements to engage and guide the efforts of government, non-government, voluntary and private agencies in comprehensive and coordinated ways to respond to the entire spectrum of emergency needs. The expression “disaster management” is sometimes used instead of emergency management." (UNISDR 2009: 13-14)




Footnotes and references

  1. ↑ Stangl R., Stollenwerk J. (2011): Terminologie von Katastrophenmanagement-Kreisläufen/-Phasen. KIRAS-Projekt SFI@SFU Studie – S6, Oktober 2011. Institut für Sicherheitsforschung, Sigmund Freud Privat Universität: Wien. Online: http://www.esci.at/sfi-sfu/sfi_sfu_studie_4_kkm_kreislaeufe.pdf [2012-02-28].
  2. ↑ Schwab Anna K., Eschenbach Katherine, Brower David J. 2007: Hazard Mitigation and Preparedness. Danvers: Wiley.
  3. ↑ Coppola Damon P. (2007): Introduction to International Disaster Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  4. ↑ US Department of Education 2009. Action Guide for Emergency Management at Institutions of Higher Education. U.S. Department of Education Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools. Online : http://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/emergencyplan/remsactionguide.pdf [2011-05-13].
  5. ↑ UNISDR 2009: 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction ISDR. United Nations: Geneva. Online: http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf [2011-05-13].


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