View source for Measure type: Physical measures

''Physical measures'' could be used for controlling access, impeding an attack or protective materials. 

The following chart includes various Physical solutions that can be implemented as event driven-measures to mediate the risk of a high-impact crime (such as a [[Terrorism|terrorist]] attack) at an event in a designated area. These are examples derived from the [[PRoTECT research project|PRoTECT]] project. 

{| class="wikitable"
|'''Tech description'''
|'''Threat type'''
|'''Threat phase'''
|'''Tech use'''
|'''Tech criteria'''
|-
|Influence attacker physically (for example,  intimidate, Less Lethal Weapons (sound, vision))
|all
|Execution
|Respond / restrict
<br />
|Readiness  / Performance
|-
|Physical barriers that are flexible or permanent
|Vehicle  attack
|Pre-attack  preparations
|Protect
|Readiness  / performance
|-
|Urban layout with bollards, planters, et cetera
|Vehicle, VBIED attack
|Execution
<br />
|Protect
<br />
|Other: impact, architectural  looks
|-
|Reduce the loading on a building by using landscape  design
<br />
|VBIED  attack
|Execution
<br />
|Protect
<br />
|Cost and  other: effectiveness
|-
|Design of roads to prevent the impact of vehicles  with a high speed
|Vehicle, VBIED attack
|Execution / Post-Attack/Escape
|Protect
<br />
|n/a
|-
|Prevent crowded places with environment design
|all
|Execution
<br />
|Protect
<br />
|n/a
|-
|Temporary measures – vehicle barriers, checkpoint,  road block
|Vehicle, VBIED attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Physical, cost and other:  impact on normal operations
|-
|Permanent measures – security gate, (blast  resistant) fencing, bollards….
|Vehicle,  VBIED attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Physical,  cost and other: impact on normal operations
|-
|Façade design (include the window and door anchors)
|IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED  attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Physical / cost
|-
|Explosion resistant glazing
|IED,  PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Physical /  cost
|-
|Bullet proof glazing
|Fire arms attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Physical / cost
|-
|Prevent progressive collapse
|IED,  PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Physical /  cost
|-
|Prevent roof objects like lightning, panels to fall  on the people
|IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED  attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Physical / cost
|-
|Provide a safe place for shelter
|Fire arms,  sharp object attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Physical /  cost
|-
|Products to mitigate or reduce the explosion effects  like blast container (place them around the threat) to isolate the threat
<br />
|IED, PBIED attack
|Execution
|Protect
|Other: (It might be effective  to protect the surrounding, but also has side effects. E.g. additional risk  for EOD)
|-
|Personal protection (vest, helmet, gear) to the  first responders and security personnel
|Fire arms,  sharp object attack
|Pre-attack  preparations / Execution
|Respond
|Physical /  cost / performance
|-
|Bomb suit (Explosive ordnance) of the first  responders and security personnel
|IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED  attack
|Execution / Post-Attack/Escape
|Respond
|Physical / performance
|}
 
In the first column, under ''''Tech description'''<nowiki/>', '''technological solutions''' are listed.


The next column indicates which '<nowiki/>'''Threat''' <nowiki/>'''types'''' can be mitigated with these technological solutions:

#''Fire arms'' attack - small calibre pistol or semi/full-automatic rifle;
#''Sharp object'' attack - knifes, machete, other sharp and blunt objects;
#''Vehicle'' attack - use of vehicle as a weapon by ramming large crowds;
#''Improvised Explosive Device (IED)'' - left/concealed in objects or goods (based on home-made or commercial explosives);
#''Person-Born Improvised Explosive Device'' (PBIED) - explosives concealed on a person (suicide or carrier);
#''Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Improvised Explosive Device (UAVIED)'' - explosives delivered by a remote-controlled airborne device;
#''Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devise (VBIED)'' - explosives concealed inside a vehicle (or its cargo);
#''Chemical'' attack - threat object concealed in goods or carried items (e.g. canister or UAV dispensed);
#''Biological'' attack - threat object concealed in goods or carried items (e.g. canister or UAV dispensed);
#''Radiological'' attack - threat object concealed in goods or carried items (e.g. canister or UAV dispensed).


The '<nowiki/>'''Threat phase'''' column states in which phase of the attack the technological solution has the most effect:

#''Initial Target Identification'' (before the attack);
#''Operational Planning'' (before the attack);
#''Pre-Attack Preparation'' (before the attack);
#''Execution'' (during     the attack);
#''Post-Attack/Escape'' (after the attack).


Finally, the '<nowiki/>'''Tech use'''' column states the appertaining security function of the technological solution:

#''Alert'' - used for alerting public (e.g. sirens, texting service);
#''Surveil'' - used for situational awareness (e.g. cameras, social media tools);
#''Respond'' - used for responding to an attack (e.g. security personnel, non-lethal weapons);
#''Protect'' - used to protect assets (people, buildings, infrastructure);
#''Detect'' - used for detecting a weapon or weapon use (e.g. entry scanning equipment);
#''Overcome'' - used for overcoming a sudden vulnerability (e.g. extra concertina wire);
#''Improvise'' - created on the spot from available means (e.g. use police vehicle as a road block);
#''Restrict'' - used for restricting public access (e.g. safety barriers);
#''Adapt'' - used for changing circumstances (e.g. moving assets to a safer location);
#''Other.''


Other [[Measures|measure types]] are: 

*[[Measure type: Information and Communications Technology (ICT)|ICT]]
*[[Measure type: Sensors|Sensors]]
*[[Measure type: Actuators|Actuators]]
*[[Measure type: Methods|Methods]]