Measure type: Methods

Methods could be used for procedures, best practices or standards to implement solutions.

The following chart includes various Methods that can be implemented as event driven-measures to mediate the risk of a high-impact crime (such as a terrorist attack) at an event in a designated area. These are examples derived from the PRoTECT project.

Tech description	Threat type	Threat phase	Tech use	Tech criteria
Increase resilience LEOs (for example, training, monitoring)	all	Pre-attack preparations	Other (or all)	Readiness
Trainings to enhance LEO capabilities (for example, flexibility, communication skills)	all	Pre-attack preparations	Other (or all)	Performance (measured increase in capabilities)
Enhance multiparty decision making (for example, reducing bias, improving collaboration)	all	all	Other (or all)	Readiness / Compliancy
Planning and Response to an Active Shooter: An Interagency Security Committee Policy and Best Practices Guide November 2015	Fire arms	Execution	SURVEIL, RESPOND, PROTECT, DETECT	Readiness / Compliancy
Security and Resiliency Guide: Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) Concepts (including for events and sports venues)	IED, PBIED, UAVIED, VBIED (explosives)	Pre-attack preparations, Execution	SURVEIL, RESPOND, PROTECT, DETECT	Readiness / Compliancy

In the first column, under 'Tech description', technological solutions are listed.

The next column indicates which 'Threat types' can be mitigated with these technological solutions:

1. Fire arms attack - small calibre pistol or semi/full-automatic rifle;
2. Sharp object attack - knifes, machete, other sharp and blunt objects;
3. Vehicle attack - use of vehicle as a weapon by ramming large crowds;
4. IED (explosives) - left/concealed in objects or goods (based on home-made or commercial explosives);
5. PBIED (explosives) - explosives concealed on a person (suicide or carrier);
6. UAVIED (explosives) - explosives delivered by a remote-controlled airborne device;
7. VBIED (explosives) - explosives concealed inside a vehicle (or its cargo);
8. Chemical attack - threat object concealed in goods or carried items (e.g. canister or UAV dispensed);
9. Biological attack - threat object concealed in goods or carried items (e.g. canister or UAV dispensed);
10. Radiological attack - threat object concealed in goods or carried items (e.g. canister or UAV dispensed).

The 'Threat phase' column states in which phase of the attack the technological solution has the most effect:

1. Initial Target Identification (before the attack);
2. Operational Planning (before the attack);
3. Pre-Attack Preparation (before the attack);
4. Execution (during the attack);
5. Post-Attack/Escape (after the attack).

Finally, the 'Tech use' column states the appertaining security function of the technological solution:

1. Alert - used for alerting public (e.g. sirens, texting service);
2. Surveil - used for situational awareness (e.g. cameras, social media tools);
3. Respond - used for responding to an attack (e.g. security personnel, non-lethal weapons);
4. Protect - used to protect assets (people, buildings, infrastructure);
5. Detect - used for detecting a weapon or weapon use (e.g. entry scanning equipment);
6. Overcome - used for overcoming a sudden vulnerability (e.g. extra concertina wire);
7. Improvise - created on the spot from available means (e.g. use police vehicle as a road block);
8. Restrict - used for restricting public access (e.g. safety barriers);
9. Adapt - used for changing circumstances (e.g. moving assets to a safer location);
10. Other.

Other measure types are:

• ICT
• Sensors
• Actuators
• Physical measures