Safety Vulnerability - Revision history

Dolinda at 12:37, 13 November 2020

2020-11-13T12:37:18Z

Dolinda at 12:35, 13 November 2020

2020-11-13T12:35:03Z

Dolinda: Dolinda moved page Vulnerability to Safety Vulnerability: Division Safety and Security Vulnerability

2020-11-13T12:24:14Z

Dolinda moved page Vulnerability to Safety Vulnerability: Division Safety and Security Vulnerability

Dolinda at 12:23, 13 November 2020

2020-11-13T12:23:26Z

Albert at 17:36, 10 January 2018

2018-01-10T17:36:04Z

Albert at 23:37, 30 January 2013

2013-01-30T23:37:43Z

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Category:Threat]]
 [[Category:Social]]
-'''Vulnerability''' is a circumstance that given the realization of a threat could expedite harm to people or damage to objects. If the threat involves human intent, the vulnerability is a weakness that can be exploited by the perpetrator (for example weakly guarded entrances to an object).
+Vulnerability is a circumstance that given the realization of a threat could expedite harm to people or damage to objects. If the threat involves human intent, the vulnerability is a weakness that can be exploited by the perpetrator (for example weakly guarded entrances to an object).
-In this context, vulnerabilities are related to '''safety'''-related threats as opposed to the '''security vulnerabilities.''' Since these safety vulnerabilities entail the risk of harm from sources that also reach beyond human intent, it can be seen as a concept that is more suitable for the use by urban planners whereas the security vulnerability is a concept more suitable for the use by security organisations (such as LEAs) or event planners.
+In this context, vulnerabilities are related to [[safety]]-related threats as opposed to the [[Security Vulnerability|security vulnerabilities]]'''.''' Since these safety vulnerabilities entail the risk of harm from sources that also reach beyond human intent, it can be seen as a concept that is more suitable for the use by urban planners whereas the security vulnerability is a concept more suitable for the use by security organisations (such as LEAs) or event planners.
 ==Social/community vulnerability==
-Improving general resilience levels also requires tackling and understanding vulnerability. While '''vulnerability''' in general is the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards, it should in particular “''involve a predictive quality: it is supposedly a way of conceptualizing what may happen to an identifiable population under conditions of particular risk and hazards.''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 4). “''Social vulnerability is the complex set of characteristics that include a person’s: initial well-being (health, morale, etc.); self-protection (asset pattern, income, qualifications, etc.); social protection (hazard preparedness by society, building codes, shelters, etc.); social and political networks and institutions (social capital, institutional environment, etc.).''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 5)<ref>Cannon, T. et al. (2003): Social Vulnerability, Sustainable Livelihoods and Disasters. Report to DFID. Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Department (CHAD) and Sustainable Livelihoods Office London.</ref>
+Improving general resilience levels also requires tackling and understanding vulnerability. While vulnerability in general is the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards, it should in particular “''involve a predictive quality: it is supposedly a way of conceptualizing what may happen to an identifiable population under conditions of particular risk and hazards.''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 4). “''Social vulnerability is the complex set of characteristics that include a person’s: initial well-being (health, morale, etc.); self-protection (asset pattern, income, qualifications, etc.); social protection (hazard preparedness by society, building codes, shelters, etc.); social and political networks and institutions (social capital, institutional environment, etc.).''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 5)<ref>Cannon, T. et al. (2003): Social Vulnerability, Sustainable Livelihoods and Disasters. Report to DFID. Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Department (CHAD) and Sustainable Livelihoods Office London.</ref>
 ==Identification of vulnerabilities==

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 In this context, vulnerabilities are related to '''safety'''-related threats as opposed to the '''security vulnerabilities.''' Since these safety vulnerabilities entail the risk of harm from sources that also reach beyond human intent, it can be seen as a concept that is more suitable for the use by urban planners whereas the security vulnerability is a concept more suitable for the use by security organisations (such as LEAs) or event planners.
-== Social/community vulnerability ==
+==Social/community vulnerability==
-Improving general resilience levels also requires tackling and understanding vulnerability. While '''vulnerability''' in general is the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards, it should in particular “''involve a predictive quality: it is supposedly a way of conceptualizing what may happen to an identifiable population under conditions of particular risk and hazards.''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 4). “''Social vulnerability is the complex set of characteristics that include a person’s: initial well-being (health, morale, etc.); self-protection (asset pattern, income, qualifications, etc.); social protection (hazard preparedness by society, building codes, shelters, etc.); social and political networks and institutions (social capital, institutional environment, etc.).''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 5)
+Improving general resilience levels also requires tackling and understanding vulnerability. While '''vulnerability''' in general is the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards, it should in particular “''involve a predictive quality: it is supposedly a way of conceptualizing what may happen to an identifiable population under conditions of particular risk and hazards.''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 4). “''Social vulnerability is the complex set of characteristics that include a person’s: initial well-being (health, morale, etc.); self-protection (asset pattern, income, qualifications, etc.); social protection (hazard preparedness by society, building codes, shelters, etc.); social and political networks and institutions (social capital, institutional environment, etc.).''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 5)<ref>Cannon, T. et al. (2003): Social Vulnerability, Sustainable Livelihoods and Disasters. Report to DFID. Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Department (CHAD) and Sustainable Livelihoods Office London.</ref>
-== Identification of vulnerabilities ==
+==Identification of vulnerabilities==
-By identifying potential '''vulnerabilities''', urban planning can directly contribute to the strengthening of community resilience. From the social and cultural point of view, identification of vulnerability should be based on a comprehensive concept. At the same time, safety [MD(1] conscious urban planning should be aware that citizens always assess risks, threats and uncertainties on a subjective and individual basis. To a certain extent, gaps between felt and factual safety are normal phenomena; more important, therefore, than a mere gap analysis is an analysis of the distribution of gaps between felt and factual security across society.
+By identifying potential '''vulnerabilities''', urban planning can directly contribute to the strengthening of community resilience. From the social and cultural point of view, identification of vulnerability should be based on a comprehensive concept. At the same time, safety conscious urban planning should be aware that citizens always assess risks, threats and uncertainties on a subjective and individual basis. To a certain extent, gaps between felt and factual safety are normal phenomena; more important, therefore, than a mere gap analysis is an analysis of the distribution of gaps between felt and factual security across society.
-== Vulnerability and risk perception ==
+==Vulnerability and risk perception==
-Risk research, independent of the subject matter in question, sees citizens’ assessment of risks and threats considerably dependent on knowledge of precedents, frequency and extent of risk experience as well as perceived immediate effects on themselves (Proske 2004).
+Risk research, independent of the subject matter in question, sees citizens’ assessment of risks and threats considerably dependent on knowledge of precedents, frequency and extent of risk experience as well as perceived immediate effects on themselves (Proske 2004).<ref>Proske, D. (2004): Katalog Risiken. Risiken und ihre Darstellung. 1. Auflage. Eigenverlag: Dresden. Online: <nowiki>http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/71/1218786958574-1736.pdf</nowiki>. (last access: 07.11.2011).</ref>
-Felt security has also been found to depend on personal control/efficacy beliefs: People usually accept considerably higher risk if they feel themselves in a position to decide about it; they are less prone to accept unconditional collective risk, e.g. as communicated by public authorities. At the same time, psychological analyses have found the effect of “overconfidence” (optimistic self-overestimation) (e.g. Oskamp 1965). This effect describes a systematic cognitive error in assessing risks (namely assessing them too low) that are amenable to people’s own influence, such as car driving, mountaineering but also walking alone in the dark, a typical (street) crime-related public opinion poll indicator of felt security.
+Felt security has also been found to depend on personal control/efficacy beliefs: People usually accept considerably higher risk if they feel themselves in a position to decide about it; they are less prone to accept unconditional collective risk, e.g. as communicated by public authorities. At the same time, psychological analyses have found the effect of “overconfidence” (optimistic self-overestimation) (e.g. Oskamp 1965).<ref>Oskamp, S. (1965): Overconfidence in Case-study Judgements. In: The Journal of Consulting Psychology (American Psychological Association), Vol. 2, 261-265. Reprinted in Kahneman D./ Slovic, P./Tversky, A. (1982): Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press, 287-293.</ref> This effect describes a systematic cognitive error in assessing risks (namely assessing them too low) that are amenable to people’s own influence, such as car driving, mountaineering but also walking alone in the dark, a typical (street) crime-related public opinion poll indicator of felt security.
-In risky contexts that are not amenable to intentional human influence, the risk tends to be ignored, as risk ignorance in earthquake-prone areas has shown from ancient Pompeii in the Roman Empire to Los Angeles and San Francisco. In the case of natural risks, or risks that citizens perceive as out of their ability to change, we can expect citizens to discount or even discharge risk by compensating social contexts, leading to a gap between felt and factual security (Parfit 1998).{{references}}
+In risky contexts that are not amenable to intentional human influence, the risk tends to be ignored, as risk ignorance in earthquake-prone areas has shown from ancient Pompeii in the Roman Empire to Los Angeles and San Francisco. In the case of natural risks, or risks that citizens perceive as out of their ability to change, we can expect citizens to discount or even discharge risk by compensating social contexts, leading to a gap between felt and factual security (Parfit 1998).<ref>Parfit, M. (1998): Living with Natural Hazards. In: National Geographic, Vol. 194, 1: 2-39. National Geographic Society.</ref>{{references}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[Category:Threat]]
-[[Category:Threat]][[Category:Social]]'''Vulnerability''' is the likelihood that, given the realization of a [[threat]], it will result in harm. For non-intentional threats this is commonly called vulnerability.
+[[Category:Social]]
+'''Vulnerability''' is a circumstance that given the realization of a threat could expedite harm to people or damage to objects. If the threat involves human intent, the vulnerability is a weakness that can be exploited by the perpetrator (for example weakly guarded entrances to an object).
+In this context, vulnerabilities are related to '''safety'''-related threats as opposed to the '''security vulnerabilities.''' Since these safety vulnerabilities entail the risk of harm from sources that also reach beyond human intent, it can be seen as a concept that is more suitable for the use by urban planners whereas the security vulnerability is a concept more suitable for the use by security organisations (such as LEAs) or event planners.
-==Social/community vulnerability==
-Improving general [[resilience]] levels also requires tackling and understanding vulnerability. While '''vulnerability''' in general is the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards, it should in particular “''involve a predictive quality: it is supposedly a way of conceptualizing what may happen to an identifiable population under conditions of particular risk and hazards.''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 4)<ref>Cannon, T. et al. (2003): Social Vulnerability, Sustainable Livelihoods and Disasters. Report to DFID. Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Department (CHAD) and Sustainable Livelihoods Office London.</ref>.
-“''Social vulnerability is the complex set of characteristics that include a person’s: initial well-being (health, morale, etc.); self-protection (asset pattern, income, qualifications, etc.); social protection (hazard preparedness by society, building codes, shelters, etc.); social and political networks and institutions (social capital, institutional environment, etc.).''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 5)
+== Social/community vulnerability ==
-==Identification of vulnerabilities==
+Improving general resilience levels also requires tackling and understanding vulnerability. While '''vulnerability''' in general is the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards, it should in particular “''involve a predictive quality: it is supposedly a way of conceptualizing what may happen to an identifiable population under conditions of particular risk and hazards.''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 4). “''Social vulnerability is the complex set of characteristics that include a person’s: initial well-being (health, morale, etc.); self-protection (asset pattern, income, qualifications, etc.); social protection (hazard preparedness by society, building codes, shelters, etc.); social and political networks and institutions (social capital, institutional environment, etc.).''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 5)
-By identifying potential '''vulnerabilities''', [[urban planning]] can directly contribute to the strengthening of [[resilience|community resilience]].
-From the social and cultural point of view, identification of vulnerability should be based on a comprehensive concept. At the same time, [[security]] conscious [[urban planning]] should be aware that citizens always assess risks, threats and uncertainties on a subjective and individual basis. To a certain extent, gaps between felt and factual security are normal phenomena; more important, therefore, than a mere gap analysis is an analysis of the distribution of gaps between felt and factual security across society.
+== Identification of vulnerabilities ==
-==Vulnerability and risk perception==
+By identifying potential '''vulnerabilities''', urban planning can directly contribute to the strengthening of community resilience. From the social and cultural point of view, identification of vulnerability should be based on a comprehensive concept. At the same time, safety [MD(1] conscious urban planning should be aware that citizens always assess risks, threats and uncertainties on a subjective and individual basis. To a certain extent, gaps between felt and factual safety are normal phenomena; more important, therefore, than a mere gap analysis is an analysis of the distribution of gaps between felt and factual security across society.
-[[Risk]] research, independent of the subject matter in question, sees citizens’ assessment of risks and threats considerably dependent on knowledge of precedents, frequency and extent of risk experience as well as perceived immediate effects on themselves (Proske 2004<ref>Proske, D. (2004): Katalog Risiken. Risiken und ihre Darstellung. 1. Auflage. Eigenverlag: Dresden. Online: http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/71/1218786958574-1736.pdf. (last access: 07.11.2011).</ref>).
+== Vulnerability and risk perception ==
-Felt security has also been found to depend on personal control/efficacy beliefs: People usually accept considerably higher risk if they feel themselves in a position to decide about it; they are less prone to accept unconditional collective risk, e.g. as communicated by public authorities. At the same time, psychological analyses have found the effect of “overconfidence” (optimistic self-overestimation) (e.g. Oskamp 1965<ref>Oskamp, S. (1965): Overconfidence in Case-study Judgements. In: The Journal of Consulting Psychology (American Psychological Association), Vol. 2, 261-265. Reprinted in Kahneman D./ Slovic, P./Tversky, A. (1982): Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press, 287-293.</ref>). This effect describes a systematic cognitive error in assessing risks (namely assessing them too low) that are amenable to people’s own influence, such as car driving, mountaineering but also walking alone in the dark, a typical (street) crime-related public opinion poll indicator of felt security.
+Risk research, independent of the subject matter in question, sees citizens’ assessment of risks and threats considerably dependent on knowledge of precedents, frequency and extent of risk experience as well as perceived immediate effects on themselves (Proske 2004).
+Felt security has also been found to depend on personal control/efficacy beliefs: People usually accept considerably higher risk if they feel themselves in a position to decide about it; they are less prone to accept unconditional collective risk, e.g. as communicated by public authorities. At the same time, psychological analyses have found the effect of “overconfidence” (optimistic self-overestimation) (e.g. Oskamp 1965). This effect describes a systematic cognitive error in assessing risks (namely assessing them too low) that are amenable to people’s own influence, such as car driving, mountaineering but also walking alone in the dark, a typical (street) crime-related public opinion poll indicator of felt security.
-In risky contexts that are not amenable to intentional human influence, the risk tends to be ignored, as risk ignorance in earthquake-prone areas has shown from ancient Pompeii in the Roman Empire to Los Angeles and San Francisco. In the case of natural risks, or risks that citizens perceive as out of their ability to change, we can expect citizens to discount or even discharge risk by compensating social contexts, leading to a gap between felt and factual security (Parfit 1998<ref>Parfit, M. (1998): Living with Natural Hazards. In: National Geographic, Vol. 194, 1: 2-39. National Geographic Society.</ref>).
+In risky contexts that are not amenable to intentional human influence, the risk tends to be ignored, as risk ignorance in earthquake-prone areas has shown from ancient Pompeii in the Roman Empire to Los Angeles and San Francisco. In the case of natural risks, or risks that citizens perceive as out of their ability to change, we can expect citizens to discount or even discharge risk by compensating social contexts, leading to a gap between felt and factual security (Parfit 1998).{{references}}
-{{references}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Category:Threat]][[Category:Social]]'''Vulnerability''' is the likelihood that, given the realization of a [[indirect::threat]], it will result in harm. For non-intentional threats this is commonly called vulnerability.
+[[Category:Threat]][[Category:Social]]'''Vulnerability''' is the likelihood that, given the realization of a [[threat]], it will result in harm. For non-intentional threats this is commonly called vulnerability.
 ==Social/community vulnerability==
-Improving general [[indirect::resilience]] levels also requires tackling and understanding vulnerability. While '''vulnerability''' in general is the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards, it should in particular “''involve a predictive quality: it is supposedly a way of conceptualizing what may happen to an identifiable population under conditions of particular risk and hazards.''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 4)<ref>Cannon, T. et al. (2003): Social Vulnerability, Sustainable Livelihoods and Disasters. Report to DFID. Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Department (CHAD) and Sustainable Livelihoods Office London.</ref>.
+Improving general [[resilience]] levels also requires tackling and understanding vulnerability. While '''vulnerability''' in general is the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards, it should in particular “''involve a predictive quality: it is supposedly a way of conceptualizing what may happen to an identifiable population under conditions of particular risk and hazards.''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 4)<ref>Cannon, T. et al. (2003): Social Vulnerability, Sustainable Livelihoods and Disasters. Report to DFID. Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Department (CHAD) and Sustainable Livelihoods Office London.</ref>.
 “''Social vulnerability is the complex set of characteristics that include a person’s: initial well-being (health, morale, etc.); self-protection (asset pattern, income, qualifications, etc.); social protection (hazard preparedness by society, building codes, shelters, etc.); social and political networks and institutions (social capital, institutional environment, etc.).''” (Cannon et al. 2003: 5)
 ==Identification of vulnerabilities==
-By identifying potential '''vulnerabilities''', [[indirect::urban planning]] can directly contribute to the strengthening of [[opposes::resilience|community resilience]].
+By identifying potential '''vulnerabilities''', [[urban planning]] can directly contribute to the strengthening of [[resilience|community resilience]].
-From the social and cultural point of view, identification of vulnerability should be based on a comprehensive concept. At the same time, [[opposes::security]] conscious [[belongs to::urban planning]] should be aware that citizens always assess risks, threats and uncertainties on a subjective and individual basis. To a certain extent, gaps between felt and factual security are normal phenomena; more important, therefore, than a mere gap analysis is an analysis of the distribution of gaps between felt and factual security across society.
+From the social and cultural point of view, identification of vulnerability should be based on a comprehensive concept. At the same time, [[security]] conscious [[urban planning]] should be aware that citizens always assess risks, threats and uncertainties on a subjective and individual basis. To a certain extent, gaps between felt and factual security are normal phenomena; more important, therefore, than a mere gap analysis is an analysis of the distribution of gaps between felt and factual security across society.
 ==Vulnerability and risk perception==
-[[belongs to::Risk]] research, independent of the subject matter in question, sees citizens’ assessment of risks and threats considerably dependent on knowledge of precedents, frequency and extent of risk experience as well as perceived immediate effects on themselves (Proske 2004<ref>Proske, D. (2004): Katalog Risiken. Risiken und ihre Darstellung. 1. Auflage. Eigenverlag: Dresden. Online: http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/71/1218786958574-1736.pdf. (last access: 07.11.2011).</ref>).
+[[Risk]] research, independent of the subject matter in question, sees citizens’ assessment of risks and threats considerably dependent on knowledge of precedents, frequency and extent of risk experience as well as perceived immediate effects on themselves (Proske 2004<ref>Proske, D. (2004): Katalog Risiken. Risiken und ihre Darstellung. 1. Auflage. Eigenverlag: Dresden. Online: http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/71/1218786958574-1736.pdf. (last access: 07.11.2011).</ref>).
 Felt security has also been found to depend on personal control/efficacy beliefs: People usually accept considerably higher risk if they feel themselves in a position to decide about it; they are less prone to accept unconditional collective risk, e.g. as communicated by public authorities. At the same time, psychological analyses have found the effect of “overconfidence” (optimistic self-overestimation) (e.g. Oskamp 1965<ref>Oskamp, S. (1965): Overconfidence in Case-study Judgements. In: The Journal of Consulting Psychology (American Psychological Association), Vol. 2, 261-265. Reprinted in Kahneman D./ Slovic, P./Tversky, A. (1982): Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press, 287-293.</ref>). This effect describes a systematic cognitive error in assessing risks (namely assessing them too low) that are amenable to people’s own influence, such as car driving, mountaineering but also walking alone in the dark, a typical (street) crime-related public opinion poll indicator of felt security.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[Category:Threat]][[Category:Social]]'''Vulnerability''' is the likelihood that, given the realization of a [[indirect::threat]], it will result in harm. For non-intentional threats this is commonly called vulnerability.
-[[Category:Economic]] [[Category:Mobility]] [[Category:Safety]] [[Category:Social]] [[Category:Threat]] [[Category:Urban environment]] [[Category:Urban object]]
-'''Vulnerability''' is the likelihood that, given the realization of a [[indirect::threat]], it will result in harm. For non-intentional threats this is commonly called vulnerability.
 ==Social/community vulnerability==
@@ Line 19: / Line 17: @@
 {{references}}
-http://securipedia.eu/cool/index.php?wiki=securipedia.eu&concept=vulnerability
-height=1023
-width=100%
-border=0
-scroll=auto
-align=middle
-</websiteFrame>
-<headertabs/>

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-<websiteFrame>
 website=http://securipedia.eu/cool/index.php?wiki=securipedia.eu&concept=vulnerability
 height=1023