Industry - Revision history

Olav: /* Description */

2013-08-20T09:00:22Z

Description

Olav: /* Description */

2013-08-20T08:59:45Z

Description

Olav at 11:58, 10 July 2013

2013-07-10T11:58:22Z

Olav at 11:51, 10 July 2013

2013-07-10T11:51:26Z

Olav at 11:50, 10 July 2013

2013-07-10T11:50:01Z

Olav at 11:48, 10 July 2013

2013-07-10T11:48:05Z

Alexander: /* Social */

2013-06-27T16:29:31Z

Social

Florian at 09:35, 26 June 2013

2013-06-26T09:35:32Z

Florian: /* Social */

2013-06-05T12:46:09Z

Social

Florian: /* Social */

2013-06-05T12:45:54Z

Social

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 |}
-Both heavy and light industrial employment [[Image:Industrial.jpg|border|x30px|Industrial|link=]]activities are most frequently located away from town and city centres (often in so-called industrial estates or business/commercial parks), in accordance with the zoning provisions of the relevant development plan. The character of such areas is generally single use, with little or no retail activities or residential land uses occurring within them (apart from those necessary to serve employees). This often means that they are largely unoccupied outside of normal working hours, which can raise security issues. The large footprint of the buildings required to house many industrial activities can also mean that there are significant areas that do not feature any form of passive surveillance. Warehousing [[Image:Employment Warehousing.jpg|border|x30px|Employment Warehousing]] and storage facilities would share many of the same characteristics of industrial employment activities, given that they are usually large buildings for the commercial storage of both raw materials and manufactured goods prior to distribution to retailers, etc.
+Both heavy and light industrial employment [[Image:Industrial.jpg|border|x30px|Industrial|link=]]activities are most frequently located away from town and city centres (often in so-called industrial estates or business/commercial parks), in accordance with the zoning provisions of the relevant development plan. The character of such areas is generally single use, with little or no retail activities or residential land uses occurring within them (apart from those necessary to serve employees). This often means that they are largely unoccupied outside of normal working hours, which can raise security issues. The large footprint of the buildings required to house many industrial activities can also mean that there are significant areas that do not feature any form of passive surveillance. Warehousing [[Image:Employment Warehousing.jpg|border|x30px|Employment Warehousing|link=]] and storage facilities would share many of the same characteristics of industrial employment activities, given that they are usually large buildings for the commercial storage of both raw materials and manufactured goods prior to distribution to retailers, etc.
 In the text below, any of the icons in the above table will be used whenever an observation is specific to heavy industry, light industry or warehousing urban objects.

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 |}
-Both heavy and light industrial employment [[Image:Industrial.jpg|border|x30px|Industrial|link=]]activities are most frequently located away from town and city centres (often in so-called industrial estates or business/commercial parks), in accordance with the zoning provisions of the relevant development plan. The character of such areas is generally single use, with little or no retail activities or residential land uses occurring within them (apart from those necessary to serve employees). This often means that they are largely unoccupied outside of normal working hours, which can raise security issues. The large footprint of the buildings required to house many industrial activities can also mean that there are significant areas that do not feature any form of passive surveillance. Warehousing [[Image:Employment Warehousing.jpg|border|x30px|Employment Warehousing|link=Warehousing]] and storage facilities would share many of the same characteristics of industrial employment activities, given that they are usually large buildings for the commercial storage of both raw materials and manufactured goods prior to distribution to retailers, etc.
+Both heavy and light industrial employment [[Image:Industrial.jpg|border|x30px|Industrial|link=]]activities are most frequently located away from town and city centres (often in so-called industrial estates or business/commercial parks), in accordance with the zoning provisions of the relevant development plan. The character of such areas is generally single use, with little or no retail activities or residential land uses occurring within them (apart from those necessary to serve employees). This often means that they are largely unoccupied outside of normal working hours, which can raise security issues. The large footprint of the buildings required to house many industrial activities can also mean that there are significant areas that do not feature any form of passive surveillance. Warehousing [[Image:Employment Warehousing.jpg|border|x30px|Employment Warehousing]] and storage facilities would share many of the same characteristics of industrial employment activities, given that they are usually large buildings for the commercial storage of both raw materials and manufactured goods prior to distribution to retailers, etc.
 In the text below, any of the icons in the above table will be used whenever an observation is specific to heavy industry, light industry or warehousing urban objects.

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 *[[Failure_of_critical_services#Societal_aspects|Societal aspects of failure of critical services]].
+For example, it is known that perceived direct benefit of an industry infrastructure increases the need to protect that infrastructure because of individual dependance (employment generates income).
-We know, for example, we know that perceived direct benefit of an infrastructure (such as of industry infrastructure that benefits the generation of a lot of citizens' income because they are employed in the industry sector) increases felt risks to that infrastructure and needs to protect it. This effect will be amplified by the fact that individual dependence, also a relevant aspect of office infrastructure, increases citizens' felt risks to infrastructure and needs to protect it.
-Another example is that industry infrastructure is important for supply of daily goods. We know that perceived direct benefit of an infrastructure increases its acceptance and increased citizens' felt risks to that infrastructure and needs to protect it; felt dependence in infrastructure also increases both. <ref>Cf. Coppola, D.P.: Introduction to International Disaster Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007, pp. 164-166; Siedschlag, A./Jerković, A.: Summary of CPSI Country Case Studies: Austria – Bulgaria – France – Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Sweden – United Kingdom. Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, CEUSS | Centre for European Security Studies, Analytical Standpoint, No. 13, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.esci.at/eusipo/asp13.pdf; Slovic, P./Fischhoff, B./Lichtenstein, S.: Facts and Fears: Societal Perception of Risk. In: Monroe, K.B./Abor, A. (eds.): Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 8 (1981), pp. 497-502. Retrieved from: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/display.asp?id=5844.</ref> Societal consequences of supply chain disruptions caused by failure of industry-type urban objects can also be severe and call for vulnerability assessment beyond urban safety aspects.
+Another example is that industry infrastructure is important for supplying daily goods. It is known that perceived direct benefit (or dependance) of an infrastructure increases its acceptance and increases citizens' felt risks to that infrastructure and need to protect it. <ref>Cf. Coppola, D.P.: Introduction to International Disaster Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007, pp. 164-166; Siedschlag, A./Jerković, A.: Summary of CPSI Country Case Studies: Austria – Bulgaria – France – Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Sweden – United Kingdom. Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, CEUSS | Centre for European Security Studies, Analytical Standpoint, No. 13, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.esci.at/eusipo/asp13.pdf; Slovic, P./Fischhoff, B./Lichtenstein, S.: Facts and Fears: Societal Perception of Risk. In: Monroe, K.B./Abor, A. (eds.): Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 8 (1981), pp. 497-502. Retrieved from: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/display.asp?id=5844.</ref> Societal consequences of supply chain disruptions caused by failure of industry-type urban objects can also be severe and call for vulnerability assessment beyond urban safety aspects.
 These examples show how important it is to involve citizens in risk assessment. In the case of industry infrastructure, this should include users as well as nearby residents since depending on the type of industry (such as chemical). VITRUV identified a set of practical methods for such [[citizen participation]]. Suitable methods to perform related assessments for industry infrastructure in particular include [[local open dialogue]] as a method to determine how citizens will be affected by spatial planning for industry usage, including addressing of citizens' perception of related risks and insecurity.

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 Industry is an important component of society and overall development progress. Not only is it a source of employment, but it is also important for the provision of raw materials. Many developing societies have a higher dependence on industrial activities, while more developed societies may have a broader economic base.
-Vulnerability assessment for industry infrastructure of the office type from the social point of view should include the following aspects:
+Vulnerability assessment for industry infrastructure from the social point of view should include the following aspects:
 *[[Vulnerability#Social.2Fcommunity_vulnerability|List of indicators for assessment of subjective protection requirements of critical infrastructure]];

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 |}
-Industrial employment [[Image:Industrial.jpg|border|x30px|Industrial|link=]]activities are most frequently located away from town and city centres (often in so-called industrial estates or business/commercial parks), in accordance with the zoning provisions of the relevant development plan. The character of such areas is generally single use, with little or no retail activities or residential land uses occurring within them (apart from those necessary to serve employees). This often means that they are largely unoccupied outside of normal working hours, which can raise security issues. The large footprint of the buildings required to house many industrial activities can also mean that there are significant areas that do not feature any form of passive surveillance. Warehousing [[Image:Employment Warehousing.jpg|border|x30px|Employment Warehousing|link=Warehousing]] and storage facilities would share many of the same characteristics of industrial employment activities, given that they are usually large buildings for the commercial storage of both raw materials and manufactured goods prior to distribution to retailers, etc.
+Both heavy and light industrial employment [[Image:Industrial.jpg|border|x30px|Industrial|link=]]activities are most frequently located away from town and city centres (often in so-called industrial estates or business/commercial parks), in accordance with the zoning provisions of the relevant development plan. The character of such areas is generally single use, with little or no retail activities or residential land uses occurring within them (apart from those necessary to serve employees). This often means that they are largely unoccupied outside of normal working hours, which can raise security issues. The large footprint of the buildings required to house many industrial activities can also mean that there are significant areas that do not feature any form of passive surveillance. Warehousing [[Image:Employment Warehousing.jpg|border|x30px|Employment Warehousing|link=Warehousing]] and storage facilities would share many of the same characteristics of industrial employment activities, given that they are usually large buildings for the commercial storage of both raw materials and manufactured goods prior to distribution to retailers, etc.
 In the text below, any of the icons in the above table will be used whenever an observation is specific to heavy industry, light industry or warehousing urban objects.

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 [[Category:Urban object]]
-[[File:IndustryIcon.jpg|right|200x200px|Industry|link=]]An '''industrial unit''' is an [[urban object]] that accommodates employment and economic activity in the processing of raw materials and in manufacturing, for the creation of goods.
+[[File:IndustryIcon.jpg|right|200x200px|Industry|link=]]An '''industrial unit''' is an [[urban object]] that accommodates employment and economic activity in the processing of raw materials and in manufacturing.
 == Description ==
 Industry, an economic activity that consists of manufacturing goods and the processing of raw materials, can be broadly considered to encompass the following three archetypes:

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 We know, for example, we know that perceived direct benefit of an infrastructure (such as of industry infrastructure that benefits the generation of a lot of citizens' income because they are employed in the industry sector) increases felt risks to that infrastructure and needs to protect it. This effect will be amplified by the fact that individual dependence, also a relevant aspect of office infrastructure, increases citizens' felt risks to infrastructure and needs to protect it.
-Another example is that industry infrastructure is important for supply of daily goods. We know that perceived direct benefit of an infrastructure also increases its acceptance and increased citizens' felt risks to urban infrastructure and needs to protect; felt dependence in infrastructure increases citizens' felt risks to urban infrastructure and needs to protect. <ref>Cf. Coppola, D.P.: Introduction to International Disaster Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007, pp. 164-166; Siedschlag, A./Jerković, A.: Summary of CPSI Country Case Studies: Austria – Bulgaria – France – Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Sweden – United Kingdom. Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, CEUSS | Centre for European Security Studies, Analytical Standpoint, No. 13, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.esci.at/eusipo/asp13.pdf; Slovic, P./Fischhoff, B./Lichtenstein, S.: Facts and Fears: Societal Perception of Risk. In: Monroe, K.B./Abor, A. (eds.): Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 8 (1981), pp. 497-502. Retrieved from: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/display.asp?id=5844.</ref> Societal consequences of supply chain disruptions caused by failure of industry-type urban objects can also be severe and call for vulnerability assessment beyond urban safety aspects.
+Another example is that industry infrastructure is important for supply of daily goods. We know that perceived direct benefit of an infrastructure increases its acceptance and increased citizens' felt risks to that infrastructure and needs to protect it; felt dependence in infrastructure also increases both. <ref>Cf. Coppola, D.P.: Introduction to International Disaster Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007, pp. 164-166; Siedschlag, A./Jerković, A.: Summary of CPSI Country Case Studies: Austria – Bulgaria – France – Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Sweden – United Kingdom. Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, CEUSS | Centre for European Security Studies, Analytical Standpoint, No. 13, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.esci.at/eusipo/asp13.pdf; Slovic, P./Fischhoff, B./Lichtenstein, S.: Facts and Fears: Societal Perception of Risk. In: Monroe, K.B./Abor, A. (eds.): Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 8 (1981), pp. 497-502. Retrieved from: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/display.asp?id=5844.</ref> Societal consequences of supply chain disruptions caused by failure of industry-type urban objects can also be severe and call for vulnerability assessment beyond urban safety aspects.
-These examples show how important it is to involve citizens in risk assessment. In the case of industry infrastructure, this should involve users as well as nearby residents since depending on the type of industry (such as chemical), citizens could perceive it as a risk by itself, and urban planning would need to be responsive also to such a perception. VITRUV identified a set of practical methods for such [[citizen participation]]. Suitable methods to perform related assessments for industry infrastructure in particular include [[local open dialogue]] as a method to determine how citizens will be affected by spatial planning for industry usage, including addressing of citizens' perception of related risks and insecurity.
+These examples show how important it is to involve citizens in risk assessment. In the case of industry infrastructure, this should include users as well as nearby residents since depending on the type of industry (such as chemical). VITRUV identified a set of practical methods for such [[citizen participation]]. Suitable methods to perform related assessments for industry infrastructure in particular include [[local open dialogue]] as a method to determine how citizens will be affected by spatial planning for industry usage, including addressing of citizens' perception of related risks and insecurity.
 === Economic ===

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 Another example is that industry infrastructure is important for supply of daily goods. We know that perceived direct benefit of an infrastructure increases its acceptance and increases citizens' felt risks to urban infrastructure and needs to protect; felt dependence in infrastructure increases citizens' felt risks to urban infrastructure and needs to protect <ref>Cf. Coppola, D.P.: Introduction to International Disaster Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007, pp. 164-166; Siedschlag, A./Jerković, A.: Summary of CPSI Country Case Studies: Austria – Bulgaria – France – Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Sweden – United Kingdom. Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, CEUSS | Centre for European Security Studies, Analytical Standpoint, No. 13, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.esci.at/eusipo/asp13.pdf; Slovic, P./Fischhoff, B./Lichtenstein, S.: Facts and Fears: Societal Perception of Risk. In: Monroe, K.B./Abor, A. (eds.): Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 8 (1981), pp. 497-502. Retrieved from: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/display.asp?id=5844.</ref>. Societal consequences of supply chain disruptions caused by failure of industry-type urban objects can also be severe and call for vulnerability assessment beyond urban safety aspects.
-These examples show how important it is to involve citizens in risk assessment. In the case of industry infrastructure, this should involve users as well as nearby residents since depending on the type of industry (such as chemical), citizens could percive it as a risk by itself, and urban planning would need to be responsive also to such a perception. VITRUV identified a set of practical methods for such [[citizen participation]]. Suitable methods to perfom related assessments for industry infrastructure in particular include [[Local open dialgoue]] as a method to determine how citizens will be affected by spatial planning for industry usage, including addressing of citizens' perception of related risks and insecurity.
+These examples show how important it is to involve citizens in risk assessment. In the case of industry infrastructure, this should involve users as well as nearby residents since depending on the type of industry (such as chemical), citizens could percive it as a risk by itself, and urban planning would need to be responsive also to such a perception. VITRUV identified a set of practical methods for such [[citizen participation]]. Suitable methods to perfom related assessments for industry infrastructure in particular include [[Local open dialogue]] as a method to determine how citizens will be affected by spatial planning for industry usage, including addressing of citizens' perception of related risks and insecurity.
 === Economic ===