Drug offences - Revision history

Albert at 20:27, 24 June 2020

2020-06-24T20:27:45Z

Olav: /* Measures */

2013-07-30T09:42:50Z

Measures

Olav: /* Social impacts */

2013-07-30T09:39:20Z

Social impacts

Olav: /* Description */

2013-07-30T09:38:21Z

Description

John P: /* Economic impact */

2013-05-02T11:49:47Z

Economic impact

John P: /* Economic impact */

2013-05-02T11:49:20Z

Economic impact

John P: /* Economic impact */

2013-05-02T11:48:32Z

Economic impact

John P: /* Economic impact */

2013-05-02T11:29:52Z

Economic impact

John P: /* Economic impact */

2013-05-02T11:28:32Z

Economic impact

John P: /* Economic impact */

2013-05-02T11:27:46Z

Economic impact

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 [[Category:Threat]]
-[[File:To stay away from drugs.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Drug addicts can cause crime and other nuisance]]'''Drug offences''' are the crime of the illegal manufacture, possession, use of or trade in (in particular recreational) [[wikipedia:drug|drug]]s.
+[[File:Drug addict.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Drug addicts can cause crime and other nuisance]]'''Drug offences''' are the crime of the illegal manufacture, possession, use of or trade in (in particular recreational) [[wikipedia:drug|drug]]s.
 == Description ==

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 == Measures ==
-No measures that are available to the urban planner and are effective to mitigate drug offences, are known. The measures that are at the disposal of the urban planner work on the spin-off problems. These can be found there.
+There are no known measures available to the urban planner that are effective to mitigate drug offences. The measures at the disposal of the urban planner work on the spin-off problems. These can be found at the respective pages.
+Next to this, the Dublin City Business Improvement District's Strategic Response Group<ref>http://www.dublincitybid.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/193910_Dublin-City-Bid_final-2.pdf</ref> recommends the following:
-Indirectly...?
-The Dublin City Business Improvement District's Strategic Response Group<ref>http://www.dublincitybid.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/193910_Dublin-City-Bid_final-2.pdf</ref> recommends:
 * Exploring the potential use of audio technology, complimenting CCTV with a public address function
 * Increasing public perceptions of safety through enhanced public lighting and 'predictive planning' to determine potential use of public spaces

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 ===Social impacts===
-Known social impacts of drug offences include changing citizens perception of (in)security and fear of crime. This usually happens in a way that has an effect on the gap between "felt" and "factual" security, since individuals tend to make - correct or incorrect - reasoning on societal security as a whole based on immediate environmental clues. This is known as the "broken glass phenomenon".
+Known social impacts of drug offences include changing citizens perception of (in)security and fear of crime. This usually happens in a way that has an effect on the gap between "felt" and "factual" security.
 ===Economic impact===

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 == Description ==
-Drug offences, although illegal, are in itself often not a major problem for society. Its spin-off effects (as mentioned under [[#impacts|impacts]]) in contrast, are. As the problem of drug use is not within the control of the urban planner, in this Securipedia we will regard this security issue as a source of other security issues cat can be addressed and not as an issue in itself. This approach does not mean that offences stemming from drug use should not be be dealt with at the source, i.e. the drug use, but only that this is beyond the capabilities of the urban planner.
+Drug offences, although by definition illegal, are in itself often not a major problem for society. Its spin-off effects (as mentioned under [[#impacts|impacts]]) in contrast, are. As the problem of drug use is not within the control of the urban planner, in this Securipedia we will regard this security issue as a source of other security issues cat can be addressed and not as an issue in itself. This approach does not mean that offences stemming from drug use should not be be dealt with at the source, i.e. the drug production and distribution by organised crime, but only that this is beyond the capabilities of the urban planner.
 This is why we will only discuss this security issue in a most general sense and why we will not be able to give effective measures against it.

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 damage of drug abuse for society as a whole is not so much the act itself, but is confined to the costs of prevention, detection and prosecution of drug offences.
-However, drug offences also lead to [[Economic effects of crime#Secondary economic impact of crime|secondary economic effects]] such as costs incurred by unemployment, health problems and social services. According to a research study by The English Home Office, the cost of damage to damage to health and social functioning of heroin and/or crack users arising from use, is £5 bn<ref>Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK, http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>. Moreover, a large percentage of crime is drug-motivated. In England and Wales, for example, the Home Department estimated that around 50% of the total number of crimes are drug-motivated.<ref> Source: Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>.
+Nevertheless, drug offences also lead to [[Economic effects of crime#Secondary economic impact of crime|secondary economic effects]] such as costs incurred by unemployment, health problems and social services. According to a research study by The English Home Office, the cost of damage to damage to health and social functioning of heroin and/or crack users arising from use, is £5 bn<ref>Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK, http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>. Moreover, a large percentage of crime is drug-motivated. In England and Wales, for example, the Home Department estimated that around 50% of the total number of crimes are drug-motivated.<ref> Source: Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>.
 == Measures ==

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 ===Economic impact===
+Criminal offences generate [[Primary economic impact|direct costs]] in terms of preventive costs (e.g. security measures, insurance), as a result of physical damage, repairs, medical costs, mental harm, etc., and in response to the criminal offence for the authorities (e.g. the costs of detection and prevention, prosecution, support trial, etc.). In contrast to other types of crime, the
-In contrast to property crimes, vandalism, etc., the cost of drug offences are limited to the response to the crime such as detection, prosecution, trial, enforcement, support. They do not include the costs incurred through prevention and in consequence of the drug offences.
+damage of drug  for society as a whole is not so much the act itself, but is confined to the costs of prevention, detection and prosecution of drug offenders.
 However, drug offences also lead to [[Economic effects of crime#Secondary economic impact of crime|secondary economic effects]] such as costs incurred by unemployment, health problems and social services. According to a research study by The English Home Office, the cost of damage to damage to health and social functioning of heroin and/or crack users arising from use, is £5 bn<ref>Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK, http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>. Moreover, a large percentage of crime is drug-motivated. In England and Wales, for example, the Home Department estimated that around 50% of the total number of crimes are drug-motivated.<ref> Source: Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>.

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 In contrast to property crimes, vandalism, etc., the cost of drug offences are limited to the response to the crime such as detection, prosecution, trial, enforcement, support. They do not include the costs incurred through prevention and in consequence of the drug offences.
-However, drug offences also lead to [[Economic effects of crime#Secondary economic impact of crime|secondary effects]] such as costs incurred by unemployment, health problems and social services. According to a research study by The English Home Office, the cost of damage to damage to health and social functioning of heroin and/or crack users arising from use, is £5 bn<ref>Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK, http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>. Moreover, a large percentage of crime is drug-motivated<ref>In England and Wales, the Home Department estimated that around 50% of the total number of crimes are drug-motivated. Source: Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>.
+However, drug offences also lead to [[Economic effects of crime#Secondary economic impact of crime|secondary economic effects]] such as costs incurred by unemployment, health problems and social services. According to a research study by The English Home Office, the cost of damage to damage to health and social functioning of heroin and/or crack users arising from use, is £5 bn<ref>Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK, http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>. Moreover, a large percentage of crime is drug-motivated<ref>In England and Wales, the Home Department estimated that around 50% of the total number of crimes are drug-motivated. Source: Media/News > Fact Research Guide > Social and economic costs of drug use in the UK http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_FactResearchGuide_SocialAndEconomicCosts.htm</ref>.
 == Measures ==