Designing out - Revision history

Florian at 13:20, 19 November 2013

2013-11-19T13:20:23Z

2013-06-18T07:55:28Z

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 *Consider designing out principles (e.g. HM Government[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/counter-terrorism/crowded-places/design-tech-issues?view=Binary])
 *Get familiar with designing out initiatives (e.g. International CPTED Association[http://www.cpted.net/])
-*Get familiar with general design aspects and structural/material aspects
+*Get familiar with general design aspects and structural / material aspects
 *Integrate considerations on response and emergency measures in the planning process

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 ==Critics==
-Designing out concepts can help reducing fear of crime, but at the same time it can soon raise ethical questions, for example by separating out different ‘types of people’. For example, certain architectures (often together with commercial policing by private companies) offer middle-class citizens new types of privacy and crime free zones in public commercial malls and places. This usually separates out other ethical groups.<ref>Garland D.: The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, 6-11.</ref>
+Designing out concepts can help reducing fear of crime, but at the same time it can soon raise ethical questions, for example by separating out different ‘types of people’. For example, certain types architectures (often together with commercial policing by private companies) offer middle-class citizens new types of privacy and crime free zones in public commercial malls and places. This usually separates out other ethical groups.<ref>Garland D.: The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, 6-11.</ref>
 See also [[ethics aspects]].

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 *Vibrant urban environment and multiple social functions;
 *Responsibility;
-*Natural/informal surveillance (''Eyes on the Street''):
+*Natural/informal surveillance ("Eyes on the Street"):
 *Avoiding conflicts;
 *Ensuring maintenance;

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 *Vibrant urban environment and multiple social functions;
 *Responsibility;
-*Natural/informal surveillance (Eyes on the Street):
+*Natural/informal surveillance (''Eyes on the Street''):
 *Avoiding conflicts;
 *Ensuring maintenance;

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 The approach to designing out assumes that certain types and locations of urban space are significantly more attractive to perpetrators than others, mainly for social and cultural reasons (cf. Geason, Wilson 1989)<ref>Geason S., Wilson P. R.: Designing out Crime. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 1989.  Retrieved from: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/9/E/8/%7B9E810185-7D54-4480-8EEC-D92D84C3FB36%7Dcpted.pdf [last access: 2011-11-05].</ref>. Therefore, the choice of urban targets is seen as mainly driven by factors such as maximum visibility of casualties, vulnerable and actually harmed people, maximum media exposure and potential for vast spread of fear among the wider population.
-Urban planning centred on '''designing''' out helps increase urban [[security]] efficiently. It aims for reducing criminal behaviour, terrorist actions and anti-social behaviour. A converse concept is [[designing in]].
+Urban planning centred on ''designing out'' helps increase urban [[security]] efficiently. It aims for reducing criminal behaviour, terrorist actions and anti-social behaviour. A converse concept is [[designing in]].
 ==Security related aspects and benefits==

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 *Etc.
-For sustainable implementation of “designing out”, following factors need to be considered throughout the planning process<ref name=" LKA NI (Eds.) (2010)"></ref>:
+For sustainable implementation of “designing out”, following factors need to be considered throughout the planning process<ref>Cf. "PluS Initial Report" by LKA NI 2010 LKA NI (eds.): PluS Initial Report Planning Urban Security. Hannover: Landeskriminalamt Niedersachsen, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.plus-eu.com/docs/PLUS-Initial-Report-online.pdf [last access: 2012-05-23].</ref>
 # Integration of citizens through communication and [[Citizen participation|participation methods]];
 # Willingness of the participants to be part of a [[security]] partnership;

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 ===Social/psychological principles===
-General design aspects with mainly psychological designing out effects include the following (cf. "PluS Initial Report" by LKA NI 2010<ref> LKA NI (eds.): PluS Initial Report Planning Urban Security. Hannover: Landeskriminalamt Niedersachsen, 2010.: Retrieved from: http://www.plus-eu.com/docs/PLUS-Initial-Report-online.pdf [last access: 2012-05-23].</ref>
+General design aspects with mainly psychological designing out effects include the following <ref>Cf. "PluS Initial Report" by LKA NI 2010 LKA NI (eds.): PluS Initial Report Planning Urban Security. Hannover: Landeskriminalamt Niedersachsen, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.plus-eu.com/docs/PLUS-Initial-Report-online.pdf [last access: 2012-05-23].</ref>
 *Orientation;
 *Good overview;