Crisis management cycle - Revision history

Olav at 16:14, 15 August 2013

2013-08-15T16:14:47Z

Olav: /* Recovery */

2013-08-15T14:24:34Z

Recovery

Olav: /* Response */

2013-08-15T14:24:25Z

Response

Olav: /* Preparedness */

2013-08-15T14:24:15Z

Preparedness

Olav: /* Prevention */

2013-08-15T14:24:01Z

Prevention

Olav: /* Mitigation */

2013-08-15T14:23:50Z

Mitigation

Olav: /* Recovery */

2013-08-15T14:22:18Z

Recovery

Olav: /* Response */

2013-08-15T14:22:06Z

Response

Olav: /* Preparedness */

2013-08-15T14:21:50Z

Preparedness

Olav: /* Prevention */

2013-08-15T14:21:22Z

Prevention

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 [[File:ae.png|25px|right|This is a page providing background in a specific field of expertise]]
 '''Crisis management''' is the process by which an organization deals with a major event threating to harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the general public. Three elements are common to a crisis: (a) a threat to the organization, (b) the element of surprise, and (c) short decision time.<ref>
-{{Cite journal|last=Seeger|first=M. W.|coauthor=Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R.|year=1998|title=Communication, organization and crisis|journal=Communication Yearbook|volume=21|pages=231–275}}</ref>. The term is closely related with disaster and emergency management and in the context of this wiki, the terms will be used as synonyms.
+{{|last=Seeger|first=M. W.|coauthor=Sellnow, T. L., & Ulmer, R. R.|year=1998|title=Communication, organization and crisis|journal=Communication Yearbook|volume=21|pages=231–275}}</ref>. The term is closely related with disaster and emergency management and in the context of this wiki, the terms will be used as synonyms.
 ==The crisis management cycle==

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 "''The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities,including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.''"
-Comment: The recovery task of rehabilitation and reconstruction begins soon after the emergency phase has ended, and should be based on pre-existing strategies and policies that facilitate clear institutional responsibilities for recovery action and enable public participation. Recovery programmes, coupled with the heightened public awareness and engagement after a disaster, afford a valuable opportunity to develop and implement disaster risk reduction measures and to apply the “build back better” principle.(UNISDR 2009: 23)
+Comment: The recovery task of rehabilitation and reconstruction begins soon after the emergency phase has ended, and should be based on pre-existing strategies and policies that facilitate clear institutional responsibilities for recovery action and enable public participation. Recovery programmes, coupled with the heightened public awareness and engagement after a disaster, afford a valuable opportunity to develop and implement disaster risk reduction measures and to apply the “build back better” principle (UNISDR 2009: 23).
 ==Relevance to urban planning==

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 "''The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.''"
-Comment: Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief”. The division between this response stage and the subsequent recovery stage is not clear-cut. Some response actions, such as the supply of temporary housing and water supplies, may extend well into the recovery stage. (UNISDR 2009: 24-25)
+Comment: Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief”. The division between this response stage and the subsequent recovery stage is not clear-cut. Some response actions, such as the supply of temporary housing and water supplies, may extend well into the recovery stage (UNISDR 2009: 24-25).
 ===Recovery===

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 "''The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions.''"
-Comment: Preparedness action is carried out within the context of disaster risk management and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly transitions from response through to sustained recovery. Preparedness is based on a sound analysis of disaster risks and good linkages with early warning systems, and includes such activities as contingency planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the development of arrangements for coordination, evacuation and public information, and associated training and field exercises. These must be supported by formal institutional, legal and budgetary capacities. The related term “readiness” describes the ability to quickly and appropriately respond when required.(UNISDR 2009: 21)
+Comment: Preparedness action is carried out within the context of disaster risk management and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly transitions from response through to sustained recovery. Preparedness is based on a sound analysis of disaster risks and good linkages with early warning systems, and includes such activities as contingency planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the development of arrangements for coordination, evacuation and public information, and associated training and field exercises. These must be supported by formal institutional, legal and budgetary capacities. The related term “readiness” describes the ability to quickly and appropriately respond when required (UNISDR 2009: 21).
 ===Response===

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 Comment: Prevention (i.e. disaster prevention) expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance. Examples include dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high risk zones, and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake. Very often the complete avoidance of losses is not feasible and the task transforms to that of mitigation. Partly for this reason, the terms prevention
-and mitigation are sometimes used interchangeably in casual use. (UNISDR 2009: 22)
+and mitigation are sometimes used interchangeably in casual use (UNISDR 2009: 22).
 ===Preparedness===

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 "''The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.''"
-Comment: The adverse impacts of hazards often cannot be prevented fully, but their scale or severity can be substantially lessened by various strategies and actions. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness.
+Comment: The adverse impacts of hazards often cannot be prevented fully, but their scale or severity can be substantially lessened by various strategies and actions. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness (UNISDR 2009).
 ===Prevention===

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 ===Prevention===
-"''The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.''
+"''The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.''"
-''Comment: Prevention (i.e. disaster prevention) expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance. Examples include dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high risk zones, and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake. Very often the complete avoidance of losses is not feasible and the task transforms to that of mitigation. Partly for this reason, the terms prevention
+Comment: Prevention (i.e. disaster prevention) expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance. Examples include dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high risk zones, and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake. Very often the complete avoidance of losses is not feasible and the task transforms to that of mitigation. Partly for this reason, the terms prevention
-and mitigation are sometimes used interchangeably in casual use.''" (UNISDR 2009: 22)
+and mitigation are sometimes used interchangeably in casual use. (UNISDR 2009: 22)
 ===Preparedness===